Volume 4
- - 4 2 . ?-
A Journal of Plant Systematics
Number 1 1993
’ . -
Pa =~ 4 AS ta Tate Fee = 4 OR 7 += “s af iy Ze +2 een es it oe ont > a 2355 2i& 5 ¢ a 2&. s wet OE vs SN na = SE ste Beard at 43 sf s Pe +t te ea re ts! “EOF os eee ve: woe Be a 4 ae HE <p ee He “24 He he's =F Roaed ee = 3 the He a : fresittce spin Go EMS ke iy OS < e Of Devens Ti iis of RE SAS eth. eS a < 2 2 ead Wetiie SS . 2 es Ts ag == as st nie = 2 Is = : <t J oe Ssatn ie =. ste Ts, coed Tests TF, ae hes = Sire. ti ats TSge . sts ear ste. pa Ts = : WHEE ate” nage Ss ye lest. weeiie soe =, ee Fe ISS Hs, = +5455 5 * = 3852 == * itt, pp et HIST MAINS RISE +25 yo o< ree Fis Fess Teh = *. —_ Fis Shite 2 Be £h Fa sls rey ME. 2 pee Siet€s" = Ease “He S, “eee = uf He =! = Sickel we FE a * Sn. 4 See > = eae Bers = Tires fers weil EiSietrs- ae earnest TES tts ss Beaters
ee eee OTs SSIS iit easaee
Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage
at AHA AGRA UI, ets mmm
am in Bay
he HC itt
SPCC nOnrOnhonrcrcnrccrccecnecrecrcnrocecpeonrecrercrrrr Cre’ a LM Oimrr ma CO CCt COC Lath ulds
Editorial Committee
E.M. Ross (editor) R.J.F, Henderson (technical advisor)
Word Processing
Y.C. Smith
Austrobaileya Vol. 1, No. 1 was published on 1 December 1977 Vol. 3, No. 4 was published on 9 September 1992
Austrobaileya is published once per year. Exchange: This journal will be distributed on the basis of exchange.
Subscriptions: Orders for single issues and subscriptions may be placed. The price is (1993) A$25 per issue for individuals, A$40 for institutions, including postage.
All correspondence relating to exchange, subscriptions or contributions to this journal should be addressed to The Editor, Austrobaileya, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia.
ISSN 0155-4131 © Queensland Herbarium 1993
Austrobaileya is the journal of the Queensland Herbarium and is devoted to publication of results of sound research and of informed discussion on plant systematics, with special emphasis on Queensland plants.
Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies or views of the Queensland Herbarium.
Austrobaileya 4(1): 1-137 (1993)
Contents Aspects of rarity in the Australian flora 7 Fee, ISON fh terecy oa eta feet i late eect Googe a ee beat a heii pic eacdtte tahey ch Geecal age 8 ca ND EE Gy I Two new species of Symplocos Jacquin (Symplocaceae) from Queensland DW, POSSI: 22 beets o srepeieatand alee lanes eetrieeors ee wafee eR pk aL JAG. Moeptay BAe eget! ov mead SEO euaded ‘7
A taxonomic revision of Neisosperma Raf. (Apocynaceae) in Australia, together with a key to Australian genera of Apocynaceae
Pa) LAPSE Sadek sicted Ub datickanere pa ot geen Gol dneas deck aad Mpeg oath ress 13 The genus Pavetta L. (Rubiaceae) in Australia Boa Le, AR EVEIONAS .F slnnddshn oth Aap OM resic ee pend ain ds lee chleas Fad. wehde emeeieioe teed thick cael add yok ah 21
Taxonomic studies on the genus Hoya R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Marsdenieae)
in Papuasia, 6
Pant I. Porsterd: David Ti jdGle~-:as9 ca nurecteedee ura d packed ed ere ee bee all diel ah 51 Studies in Australian grasses, 7. Four new species of Sporobolus R. Br.
(Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Sporoboleae) from Australia
SPAIN IT RI EEINODED sche nz vel i¥o-ta oy ca!50 aloe p Felgab tp etel a dah bathe 2 SUT R Gel 9 va ce 2d wd Page AG HIE Mh, al wee ws a 37 Conspectus of Cryptolepis R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae) in Malesia
PP AULELS MOV SECIS abet eater det Taurean et ob ctotete seem sath mtnh. seen Toate ak aS gaubeasty Plated at shoes Petace yea 67 Notes on Tiliaceae in Australia, 1
EPSPs TALLINE oa, ast bel bg BS way 2a ah al Sevsdbed so Soe salent Sey alse gine bate g Ey, 8 ada 4 siSe, beg ta dirngitente aca eRe on 75 Sigesbeckia fugax and Tetramolopium vagans, new Asteraceae from Queens-
land
BAP SOIGS i aS gs clean ES caacha tl nbev cata peeves sistas beve dud A Ss beveheotenn ore Gia ictonsl aoc ep dey eee Se ae 87
A taxonomic revision of the genus Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) in
mainland Australia
Pa PRSter na eaemath pute y aut ditch ba etek lida aul eR vecie A Goer feed legal abe aoe ahs 93 Studies in Australian grasses 8. Anew species of Thelepogon (Andropogoneae:
Ischaeminae) for Australia
EAST MIO cep con tes ahaa at ape Ha gee vee win Nee RA byth of ce, Bowe sen Nine Gk acon, SE oonldy SEI gk, 105 Resurrection of Wrightia versicolor S.T. Blake (Apocynaceae)
Pat FORSCH erties aSs saceiv ds. beanbek clench dinctarm tf baere Lub itte Saas neah gn gnaehe deh a tea dalchare ab eee Sk Hh 109 Resurrection of Dischidia littoralis Schltr. (Asclepiadaceae)
Paul I. Forster é& David J, Biddle. uo ccs cub ecceee etutp oP als ce ee ea ea eh 113 Notes Nomenclatural changes in Spermacoce L. (Rubiaceae)
Va SIAUICR ORNS st AS Ao Bae epytn danas sag ers ate ncaeind oe Ladle ad Abigas emery oh puncet eee eal kc 117
The correct names for two Australian varieties of Ficus L. (Moraceae)
Rodney J.F. Henderson The distribution and habitats of three presumed rare species from Cape York
Peninsula
Bye CA CANE Ost se setines sere fie ete fs cacy eet Rep Ragh k ER Eee A ER ag, Sapna deol een BE al neg fe 12] Additional records for some species of Finlaysonia Wallich, Gymnanthera R.
Br., Heterostemma Wight & Arn. and Sarcolobus R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae)
in Melanesia and Papuasia
Paul I. Forster
(continued)
Austrobaileya 4(1): 1-137 (1993) Plant Profile Bambusa moreheadiana F.M. Bailey (Magnoliophyta: Poaceae) Ne CHILO BEL al 5a. tom dp poppe, Micky. Bh aheretis Soe esas dates “SoA haste eB tela el eae NT ie tele teat We, BS SoBe Stina OOK REVIGWE iu odo 55 G-arih. to toletg eye need hewn eee EP Wu alah ALR BRE antes eng deb ee eee Hee OS
SiS T ie iG) ) a ee ee ee oe Ce ae ere oe ee ee en a eee Le eee en ee
Aspects of rarity in the Australian flora
James A. Elsol
Summary
Elsol, James A. (1993). Aspects of rarity in the Australian flora. Austrobaileya 4(1): 1-6. Four regional floras of eastern Australia each with over 1 500 species reveal superorder compositions similar to that for the whole of Australia. Of the 30 superorders known to occur in Australia, three to seven account for 75% of the concentration of dominance within the floras. Commeliniflorae consistently contributes at least 10% of species in aregion. Fabiflorae, Myrtiflorae, Lilitflorae, Malviflorae and Asteriflorae may each contribute up to 10% or more. Eighteen superorders consistently contribute less than 5% each. One
superorder, Loasiflorae has not been recorded from Australia.
Twenty-two percent of Australia’s flora has been recorded as rare. Percentage rarity recorded within superorders varies up to 37% but appears unrelated to superorder size.
Future research into rare taxa depends on whether priority is given to groups accounting for high percentages of rare species within a flora, eg Myrtiflorae with 15% of Australia’s rare species, or those taxa with a high degree of rarity, e.g. 37% of palms (Areciflorae) are rate but constitute only about 1% of
Australia’s rare species.
Keywords: rarity — Australian flora, floristic composition, superorders — Angiosperms.
James A. Elsol, 46 Avalon Road, Sheldon, Qld 4157, Australia
Introduction
Attention continues to focus on rarity in the world’s biota. Much of the biological attention has been directed towards recognising those taxa that are rare and determining whether they are threatened or endangered (Reveal 1981). Whathas seemingly not been addressed though, is whether rarity is evenly distributed across the major groups of taxa. The present investigation addresses this issue by examining the com- position of some floras of eastern Australia.
Sources of data
The intention of this investigation 1s to reveal trends rather than provide numerically accurate syntheses. For the latter more detailed data may be required.
An overview of Australia’s flora was gained from Morley and Toelken (1983) and compared with the following four more re- stricted floras 1n eastern Australia: Moreton refers to the coastal part of south-eastern Queens- land described by McDonald and Elsol (1984); Port Curtis 1s the flora described by Batianoff
Accepted for publication 1 June 1993
and Dillewaard (1988) from around Rock- hampton in central coastal Queensland; North- ern Territory comprises the flora of the Darwin and Gulf region botanical province as described by Dunlop (1987) and Victoria comprises the flora of Victoria as described by Forbes et al. (1984). Data on rare species were obtained from Briggs and Leigh (1988) for Australia, Victoria and Northern Territory, from HERBRECS (Queensland Herbarium records) for Moreton and from Batianoff and Dillewaard (1988) for Port Curtis.
Naturalised exotic taxa were ignored.
Superorders follow the system of Dahl- eren (1980).
Distribution of rarity within flora
A common concept of species rarity is that taxa may be rare if numerically few or of limited geographic extent.
Rarity may also occur in taxonomic ranks higher than species in the same way as species rarity exists, and also in the sense that a particu- lar higher taxon may comprise few species and therefore constitute only arare component of a
AAA AN ANSE Nae aed re ee Ee ae a re eee eae,
2
flora. For example, aroid and ginger floras, with about 25 species each, are rare in the Australian angiosperm flora which totals about 14 500 species.
Composition of the Australian flora: 1n the four floristic censuses investigated,20—28 superorders are commonly present (Tables 1 &
Austrobaileya 4(1): 1-6 (1993)
3). Superorder compositions of the regional floras do not differ significantly from that of Australia at 5% level (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Siegel & Castellan 1988). Superorders accounting for 90% of Australia’s flora and their major constituent families are listed in Table 2.
Table 1. Superorder composition of the Australian angiosperm flora ranked from highest to lowest representation. Arrows indicate added variability observed in four eastern Australian floras (Northern Territory to Victoria).
- Percentage of species within flora
10% or > 5-9% 14% O-1% Absent Commeliniflorae Fabiflorae —-_—-—————> Myrtiflorae ———-——_—_> < —-——_ Lilitflorae > < ————— Malviflorae > Proteiflorae > Lamiuiflorae > < ——--— Asteriflorae > Gentianiflorae > <——-— Rutiflorae <————— Caryophylliflorae Corniflorae Solaniflorae Araliuflorae Violiflorae Santaliflorae Magnoltiflorae ————> Rositlorae ————————_> Theiflorae ————————> Primultflorae Alismatiflorae Areciflorae Ranuncultflorae Polygoniflorae Nymphaeiflorae Ariflorae Zingiberiflorae Balanophoriflorae Podostemiflorae Triuridiflorae
Loasiflorae
Elsol, Rarity and floristic composition
Table 2. Superorders accounting for 90% of Australia’s angiosperm flora and major
Liliaceae, Orchidaceae Dilleniaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae
Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae Asteraceae, Campanulaceae
Goodeniaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae Rutaceae, Sapindaceae
Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae
constituent families
1. Commeliniflorae: Cyperaceae, Poaceae 2. Fabiflorae: Mimosacee, Fabaceae 3. Myrtiflorae: Myrtaceae
4. Liluflorae:
5. Malviflorae:
6. Proteiflorae: Proteaceae
7. Lamiiflorae:
8. Asteriflorae:
9. Gentianiflorae:
10. Rutiflorae:
11. Caryophylliflorae:
12. Corntflorae: Epacridaceae
13. Solaniflorae: Solanaceae
14. Araliuflorae: Apiaceae
15. Violiflorae:
One superorder, Commeliniflorae, con- stantly contributes 10% or more species to the four regional floras studied. A further five superorders, Fabiflorae, Myrtiflorae, Liliflorae, Malviflorae and Asteriflorae may each contrib- ute to 10% or more in some of the regional floras.
Eighteen superorders consistently con- tribute less than 5% each.
One superorder Loasiflorae, has not been recorded from Australia.
Relationship of rare species numbers to size of parent superorder: Rare species have been recorded as comprising as much as 22% of Australia’s flora (Briggs & Leigh 1988). By excluding Podostemiflorae with about one spe- cies, rarity of species within superorders varies between 2% (Polygoniflorae) and 37% (Areciflorae) and mostly lies within 10% and 30%. The percentage varies regionally and appears uncorrelated with the size of the superorder (r < 0.1).
None-the-less interesting trends are ob- served for some of the superorders (Table 3).
1. Commeliniflorae, Caryophyliiflorae: The proportions of rare species within Australia
Brassicaceae, Capparaceae
and the four regional floras accounted for by these superorders are lower than the propor- tions these superorders have when all species are considered.
2. Myrtiflorae, Lilitflorae, Malviflorae, Protei- florae: The proportions of rare species within Australia and the four regional floras ac- counted for by these superorders are mostly higher than the proportions these superorders have when all-species are considered.
3. Fabiflorae: Though there is regional varia- tion, rarity of the superorder’s species within the Australian flora is in the same proportion that the superorder has when all species are considered.
4, Lamiflorae: Compared to the other floras examined, the proportions of rare species in Port Curtis and Northern Territory floras ac- counted for by the superorder are higher than the proportions this superorder has when all species are considered.
5. Gentianiflorae, Solaniflorae, Violiflorae: Compared to the other floras examined, the proportions of rare species in Port Curtis accounted for by these superorders are higher than the proportions these superorders have when all species are considered.
Austrobaileya 4(1): 1-6 (1993)
MN TAIN wwMm AN won deter oOM Orr Oe coeo oe ce OS a _ oO Mm et sos tO Ns sss Se RD SY Ss SS S|
VI S$?
a ev
SBIO[FIOGISUIZ OvIO]IMA]sSOpog SeIOTJISOY avloymosAjog avlolTNouNue y ovloyyioeydurAN ovloyguy
ovIO TRU vIOTJOY oplopgiyery SPIO[J Mouse] ovIO[PIOSIy SeIO[JHeWSITYy OVIOTFIOLA vIOTINOIg SeIOIIMUIO?) SvloppTeyues svIOyUIsYy seloyuNyYy SeIOYINLT SvIO[IULOS avioyypAydoAr-) SRIO[PIUUe’T SvIOTJIUPHUSL) SeIOTFOIAW SBIOTIATCIA
ovloyyiqey SVIO[JLUTPOUIUIOT)
AIOVWWA], WIOYVION
a] | I~ SO sO WW AF AF FNM NNN NR RR Se
=— rm |
OmrOON OA WANMONWOCOANO OTTO COON COO a =
NN OY
a sv
SPIO[JUOGISUIZ evlolpIoary QPIOTJION L se1oyuVy seloTjroeydurAN oelOyMOsATOg svIOTTNOuNUe yy svio[NeUsITy avIOTJTUWIO7) OVIOTJISOY WIOTIO} 01g ovIo Mery IVIO[JMpOuse|A] OBIO[JI[OTA,
aR (6) BESLEELOLES avIOTJIURIOS oviopmpAydoAre) OvIO[JMUIL’]
ovIO[IN] seloyUasy oPloyuNy SpIo[MENUaH eIOPMIAW IVIO[JIATEIA
avioyiqey avIOTJrurpouru107)
sqm) WOd
Fre PNA He Ore NB OC COCO © on
POO mwMosOKI OANA A A sess =
oo st — rt mt
<f
seIOYIOBIYV seloyroeyduiAN ovloyMurnig
avIOTIIV SvIOPNPOUSeIN
SeIO[JIOY |, dvIOTMOS ATO ovloyynounue y SRIOTJISOY ovloyyeyues SvIOLHeUISITy SvIOTIULIOS QVIO[FIOLA, IPIO[FISIOIY OPIOTJIULIOZ) oRloypely svloyoNy oelolyuenuery ovloyimme{ avIoyIqvy avlopTAydodAre~) OVIOTJIATCWA) ORIOL HIAA SeIOLY]
seloyUussy SvIOTITUTTOUIUIO7)
BLIOIOTA
oom as OnrhO WOOT NH HOH MOH AAA AAA S| = = ee A, co |
THREAD KO NNH tT HtORRBOTOAMMNNAHOCOCDO
ovIOTFLIOQISUIZ ovloyIOAIy seloyroeydur AN avIOTIOY I seloguy geiopMos Ajog apjoyNounue y SeIOLTNUIL QPIO[JISOY ovIOyNeWsITy SRIOTIUPIOS OVIO[JIOLA, oployAydoAre-) avloygiyery ovIOTTEUeS QPIOTJIVOIg SPIO[JIUIO7) QVIO[FIOUSEIN avIopMUe’y SeloljMEyUEH SvIOyUssy OVIO[JIATE] SesO[JNNY svIOTUIAW ovloyiqey
SvIOyU] OPIO]JIMIT[OUUEO-)
U0}IOJ
0
0
I
l
rt ot Ir ot ¢ UCT I @ C 6 C 6C I ¢ ¢ OUP ¢ UY 9 v9 f= 19 S$ 9 6 9 8 iL ne SI Ol cl Gi £ &T a sv
ovIO[FIPHNL | SBIOPJMUAIO}SOpog seloyuoydourreg OvIO[FLIAqisulZ
avioyuy ovloproeydurAN
selogmosAjog ° ovloyTNounuey - SvIOTIOVIY * avloymeursipy ° seloyyyNUg * RIO YOU], OPIOTJISOY - vloyMjouseyy] * svioyryeyues - QVIOPIOLA ° seioyMyery SvIOTFIURIOS ° OvIO[FMIOT) ° avlopAydoAresy © snioyuny - OvIOTJMWeNUaLY ° SPIO[JUIISY - SvIOyMMe’y ° QvIOTJIBOIg ° OvIOTIARI * SVIOTFNYET © SBIOTJHIA * seloyiqe,y * ORIO[FIUTPOULIOT) -
erensny
Ob ‘6¢ "8C “LC ‘OC ‘SC
rea CI on st Wy SO of foo &
(% [> = *) *AUALULMAOP JO WONLIZNIINOD 91} 0} B1OUI 10 96¢/ aINQLAVUWOD AJBAQIeT][09 BUT] 9q} dAOQE SIOPIOIOdNS *(y) soiseds a1B.1 7 WUANTOD {(¥) soteds [|e Jo saseyUed.10d SUIBJUOD [ UUINIO<) *(QR6]) WoAS|TYGeG JO 9S0q] o.1¥ SIapsOIIdNS
SBIOT] ULIedsoisue UeTYeIsSNYy U.19jSe9 INO] pue UETeEAsNy Jo uoIsodmo-) *¢ a[quI.
Elsol, Rarity and floristic composition
Concentration of higher taxa diversity: ‘The degree of concentration or dominance in acom- munity or flora may be indicated by Simpson’s (1949) Index, in this case estimated byz p, where p. is the proportion of a flora accounted for by a superorder. The index measures the probability that two individuals selected at ran-
5
dom from a sample will belong to the same taxon. Values of the index calculated from the proportions of the superorders within the floras investigated are shown in Table 4. Three to seven superorders collectively contribute 75% or more to the concentration of dominance 1n the floras examined, with Commel-iniflorae and Fabifiorae common to all five.
Table 4. Dominance of angiosperm superorders and constituent rare components in Australia and some eastern Australian floras. C = Simpson’s Index
Total flora Rare component G 1 Flora size C it Flora size
C 000’s C x 0.1 Australia 0.076 13.3 14.5 0.081 12.4 320 Moreton 0.076 13.3 1.7 0.087 11.5 12 Victoria 0.089 11.2 Del 0.097 10.3 18 Port Curtis 0.097 10.3 1.9 0.078 12.8 5 Northern Territory 0.113 3.9 2.1 0.099 10.1 9.5
None of the regional floras examined shows dominance less than expressed for Aus- tralia as a whole. The highest concentration of dominance is expressed in the Northern Terri- tory and is associated with that flora’s high percentage (25%) of Commeliniflorae (Table 3). A similar trend is also well developed in the Port Curtis district.
Simpson’s Index varies inversely with heterogeneity. The reciprocal of the index may therefore be interpreted as the number of equally represented taxa that would be required to pro- duce the observed heterogeneity (Peet 1974) and shows a range of 9-13 superorders of the total of 30 for Australia. The rare components of the floras of Australia, Moreton and Victoria are concentrated slightly more than are the superorders when all species are considered (Table 4). For Port Curtis and Northern Terri- tory the rare species are more evenly spread across the superorders. This difference may be attributable to the lower species numbers present in the latter two floras.
Discussion and implications
Observations of percentage rarity within taxa and the representations of those taxa within floras suggest differences in the way major evolutionary lines are dispersed. For example rarity in the Commeliniflorae and Caryo- phylliflorae is low relative to the total contribu- tions these two taxa have in Australia, whereas in Myrtiflorae and Proteiflorae rarity is rela- tively high. This observation is consistent with Commeliniflorae and Caryophylliflorae gener- ally having wider geographic ranges than spe- cies of Myrtiflorae, Malviflorae and Protei- florae, that is changes in species composition over distance or environmental gradient is gen- erally higher for the latter three taxa. Pollina- tion, whether by wind or animal vector, may be contributory.
In the flora of Australia the number of species per superorderranges from one to nearly 2000. From present observations, percentage rarity within them appears unrelated to their
STENT Pl IR CE ARH eared See
6
size but is widespread across the superorders. Accordingly, as priorities for vegetation con- servation often relate to the presence of rare species, itis important torealise that the greatest diversity in genetic material that would be con- served by rare species conservation occurs when those species are from a diverse range of higher taxa rather than a narrow range. This may be important when ranking the importance of areas with similar numbers of rate species.
For further research into rarity choosing major groups of plants will depend upon how rarity is assessed. If for example priority is based on the compositions of rare species the major taxa to be investigated are
Myrtiflorae 15% Ge 15% of rare Aus- tralian species are myrtles)
Fabiflorae 12%
Proteiflorae 9%
Liliiflorae 8%
Malvitlorae 8%
Commeliniflorae 79%
Rutiflorae 6%
If priority is based on percentage rarity within superorders, major taxa to be investigated are
Areciflorae 37% (ie 37% of palms are rare) Myrtiflorae 34% Proteiflorae 33% Magnoluflorae 33% Rutiflorae 32% Zingiberitflorae 32% Corniflorae 30%
If priority is to be based on a combination of both above criteria major taxa requiring inves- tigation are Myrtiflorae, Proteiflorae and Rutiflorae.
Austrobaileya 4(1) ; 1-6 (1993) Acknowledgements
Advice from Professor H.T. Clifford and dis- cussions with Mr G.N. Batianoff are greatly appreciated.
References
BaTIANofr, G. N, & DILLEWAARD, H.A. (1988). Port Curtis district and Early Botanists. Queensland Her- barium and Society for Growing Australian Plants (Qd Region) Inc.
Bricos, J.D. & Letcu, J.H. (1988). Rare or Threatened Australian Plants. 1988 Revised Edition. Austral- ian Nat-ional Parks and Wildlife Service Special Publication No. 14. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service.
DAHLGREN, R.M.T. (1980). A revised system of classifica- tion of the angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 80: 91-124.
Duntop, C.R. (ed.) (1987). Checklist of vascular plants of the Northern Territory. Technical Report —Number 26. Darwin, N.T.: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory.
ForBEs, S.J, CULLAN, P.K., KitGour, R.A. & Powe.i, M.A. (1984). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Victo- ria. Melbourne: National Herbarium of Victoria, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands.
McDona_p, W.J.F. & Etso, J.A. (1984). Moreton Region vegetation map series: summary report and species checklist for Caloundra, Brisbane, Beenleigh and Murwillumbah Sheets. Brisbane: Queensland De- partment of Primary Industries.
Mor ey, B.D. & ToELKEn, H.R. (eds) (1983). Flowering Plants in Australia, Adelaide: Rigby.
PEET, R.K. (1974). The Measurement of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 285-307.
REVEAL, J.L. (1981). The concepts of rarity and population threats in plant communities. In L.E. Morse & M.S. Henitfin (eds), Rare Plant Conservation: geographi- cal data organisation, pp. 41-47. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
SIEGAL, S. & CASTELLAN, N.J. (1988), Nonparametric Sta- tistics for the Behavioural Sciences. Second edi- tion. New York: McGraw-Hill.
SIMPSON, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688.
Two new species of Symplocos Jacquin (Symplocaceae) from Queensland
L.W. Jessup
Summary
Jessup, L.W, (1993). Two new species of Symplocos Jacquin (Symplocaceae) from Queensland, Austro- baileya 4(1): 7-11. Two new species of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) from Queensland viz S. harroldit Jessup and S. graniticola Jessup are named and described with notes on their affinities and distribution.
Keywords: Symplocaceae, Symplocos harroldii, Symplocos graniticola, Symplocos — Australia.
L.W. Jessup, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia
Introduction
The Symplocaceae of the Old World except New Caledonia were revised by Nooteboom in 1975, and the Australian species of Symplocos were revised by him six years later (Nooteboom 1981). In the 1981 revision, Nooteboom re- ferred briefly in a note under Symplocos cochinchinensis subsp. thwaitestt vat. montana to collections from Belmont (Brisbane), Imbil and Eumundi deviating ‘in having long stiff hairs as well as the normal indumentum’. This population has been recognised by local botan- ists as representing a distinct species which is described below. The second species described below was included by Nooteboom in 1981 as “7. Symplocos sp. nov.?’. Nooteboom explained that he refrained from describing it as a new taxon because he had not seen the fruit. A key to the Australian taxa is provided in Nooteboom (1981). This paper is a precursor to a full treat- ment of Australian Symplocaceae to be pub- lished in Volume Ten of ‘Flora of Australia’.
Taxonomy
Symplocos harroldii Jessup sp. nov.; differt a S. baeuerlenioR.T, Baker innovationibus et ramulis sparsim pilosis cum pilis 1-2 mm iongis, laminis obovatis vel oblanceolatis, petalis majoribus (3-4 x 2—2.5 mm, non 1.5—-2.5 x 1.5 mm) et
Accepted for publication 1 February 1993
staminibus plus numerosis (30-40, non 15-20). Typus: Queensland. Moreton District: Moggill State Forest, just down- stream of road crossing Pullen Creek, 16 November 1980, L. W. Jessup 268 (holo: BRI; iso: K, NSW).
Symplocos sp. 1, Stanley (1986); Symplocos species (hairy hazelwood) in Williams et al. (1984); Symplocos sp. “Bahrs Scrub’ in Thomas & McDonald (1989); Symplocos (W.J. McDonald 3823) in Forster et al. (1991).
Shrub or small tree to 6 m high. Shoots, twigs and cataphylls sparsely pilose with erect straight hairs 1-2 mm long; cataphylls caducous. Leaves with a petiole 3-4 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pilose with erect hairs; lamina narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, 3—10 cm long, 0.8—3.5 cm wide, frequently acuminate but with a rounded tip, minutely dentate to serrate towards the apex, acute at the base, glabrous or with a few hairs on the underside, particularly along the midvein; secondary veins mostly 6-12 pairs. Inflorescence racemose, to 2 cm long, puberulous; peduncles 0.2—2 mm long; bracts and bracteoles ciliate, semi-persistent, bracts broadly triangular, 0.7—1 mm long, bracteoles triangular, 0.3-0.4 mm long. Calyx tube 1-2 mm long, glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, 0.40.6 mm long, glabrous or ciliate. Petals obovate to oblong, 3-4 mm long, 2—2.5 mm wide. Stamens 30-40, 1.8—5mm long. Disc puberulous. Ovary
Senereprpraep herent ta Ane RRR +
Q Austrobaileya 4(1) : 7 -11 (1993)
SIRS WA. SMITH NO} ew ne RP AA
Fig.1. Symplocos harroldii: A, part of twig x1.5.B. an inflorescence x 4, C. vegetative shoot with leaf laminas removed x 2. D. fruit and leaf showing venation x1.5. A,B, Jessup 268; C, Jessup 82 & McDonald; D, Jessup 273.
Jessup, New Queensland Symplocos
3-locular with up to 4 ovules per locule. Style 3.5—4 mm long, glabrous, dilated at the stigma. Fruit narrowly ovoid or ellipsoidal, 3-10 mm x 6—7 mm. Fig. LA-D.
Specimens examined: Queensland. WIDE Bay DIsTRICT: Off Fig Tree Point road, Cooloola National Park, Apr 1986, Sandercoe C764 & Milne (BRD; Tewantin S. F., Oct 1984, Harrold (BRI); Noosa National Park, Oct 1985, Sharpe 3974 (BRI); ditto, Sharpe 3986 (BRI); Portion 3, sub. 2, Parish of Tewantin, Nov 1987, Sandercoe C1264 (BRI); Araucaria L.A., Compartment 12, Imbil S.F. (S.F.135 Brooloo), Oct 1982, McDonald 3696 & Williams (BRD; ditto, McDonald 3823 (BRI). Moreton Districr: Sandy L.A., S.F. 283, Colinton (Benarkin S.F.), approx. 130 km NW of Brisbane, Apr 1978, Jessup 82 & McDonald (BRD; Yarraman, Oct 1924, Cameron Y69 (BRD; Enoggera Creek, Brisbane, Sep 1874, Bailey [AQ 84411] (BRI); Ithaca Creek, Brisbane, c. 1874, Bailey [AQ 84413] (BRD; Belmont Scrub, near Brisbane, Sep 1884, Bailey [AQ 84412] (BRI); Mt Coot-tha, c. 1.5 km E of QTQ Channel 9 studios, Oct 1976, Clarkson 139 (BRD); Brookfield, Dec 1897, Simmonds [AQ 84410] (BRD; Moggill S. F., just downstream of road crossing Pullen Creek, Novy 1980, Jessup 268 (BRD; ditto, Jan 1981, Jessup 273 (BRI); Liversey Road, Moggill, Mar 1982, Bird (BRD; Moggill State Forest near end of Grandview Road, Oct 1987, Bird (BRI); 1 km W of O’ Brien Road, Pullenvale, Brisbane, Oct 1984, Bird (BRD; Bahr’s Scrub, c. 6 km SW of Beenleigh, Jul 1981, Guymer 1595 & Jessup (BRD.
Distribution and habitat: This species occurs from Cooloola National Park to near Beenleigh and West to near Yarraman, in southeastern Queensland, in notophyll vine forest and adja- cent sclerophyli forest.
Notes: S. harroldii appears to be related to S. baeuerlenii R.T. Baker but differs in having pilose shoots with erect hairs 1-2 mm long, rather than puberulous, thicker branchlets and leaves, narrowly obovate or oblanceolate lamina with a rounded tip, rather than narrowly elliptic or lanceolate with an acuminate tip, larger pet- als 3-4 x 2—2.5 mm rather than 1.5-2.5 x 1.5mm, and 30—40 stamens rather than 15-20.
Conservation status: This species has been assigned a conservation coding of 3VC in Thomas and McDonald (1989). It occurs in Cooloola and Noosa National Parks.
Etymology: The species 1s named in honour of Dr Arthur G. Harrold of Noosa for his contribu- tion to the conservation of coastal plant commu- nities in south-eastern Queensland, particularly at Cooloola. He has also collected this species.
9
Symplocos graniticola Jessup sp. nov.; differt a S. cyanocarpa C.T. White foltis marginibus recurvis habens, inflores- centiis spiciformibus ad 1.5 cm longis et filamentis staminum glabris non pilosus. Typus: Queensland. Cook Districr : Mt Lewis, 24 December 1986, G. Sankowsky 598 & N. Sankowsky (holo: BRI).
Symplocos sp. nov.?, Nooteboom, Brunonia 4: 324 (1981); Symplocos sp. “Mt Lewis’, Thomas & McDonald (1989).
Shrub to 2 m high. Shoots and cataphylls with very sparse appressed hairs, glabrescent; cataphylls caducous. Twigs glabrous. Leaves with a petiole 8-20 mm long, glabrous; lamina narrowly obovate or narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate at the apex, acute or attenuate at the base, 9-23 cm long, 2—7.5 cm wide, glabrous; margins entire, recurved in mature foliage, sometimes remotely serrulate or denticulate; secondary veins mostly 6—12 pairs with distinct marginal loops, more prominent on the lower surface. Inflorescence axes clus- tered, spike-like, to 1.5 cm long, puberulous; bracts and bracteoles ovate, slightly keeled, sometimes denticulate, pubescent, persistent, the bracts 1.2—-1.5 mm long, the bracteoles 1-1.3 mm long. Calyx tube 1—1.3 mm long, glabrous; limb 1—1.2 mm long; lobes ovate or depressed ovate, 0.8-1 mm long, sparsely puberulous and ciliate. Petals oblong to obovate, 2.5~-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide. Stamens 25-30, 2.5-4 mm long, filaments glabrous. Disc pilose. Style 2.5 mm long, pilose. Fruit GQmmature) cylindrical to ellipsoidal, 10-13 mm long, 44.5 mm wide. Fig. 2A—D.
Specimens examined: Queensland. Cook Districr: S.F.R. 143, S Mary Logging Area, May 1976, Hyland 8773 (BRD; 32.6 km along Mt Lewis road from Mossman-Mt Molloy road, Dec 1989, Jessup GJD3359, Guymer & Dillewaard (BRD; Mt Lewis, Oct 1971 Webb & Tracey 11929 (BRD; Mt Spurgeon, Roots Creek, Sep 1936, White 10641 (BRD.
Distribution and habitat: Occurs from Mt Spurgeon to Mt Lewis and Platypus Creek, north Queensland, in simple notophyli vine forest and simple microphyll vine-fern forest on sranite- or granodiorite-derived soils.
Notes: S. graniticolaisrelatedtoS. cyanocarpa C.T.White but differs in the leaves having
shee repre [es beter enn ce cent peng eee mine get a omnes en rarer ty MEAT A RET
nnn A A Aaa N88 etm ii AA A a Mi Se SEL SH A
10 Austrobaileya 4(1) : 7-11 (1993)
+ = ae
nei
Laff sR BEGUN SUES
Fig. 2. Symplocos graniticola: A. partoftwig x 0.5. B. aninflorescence x 4. C. vegetative shoot with leaf laminas removed x 2. D. fruit and leaf showing venation x 1.5. A-C, Jessup GJD3359, Guymer & Dillewaard; D, White 10641.
Jessup, New Queensland Syniplocos
recurved rather than flat margins, the spiciform inflorescence up to 1.5 cm long (fasciculate flowers in S$. cyanocarpa) and glabrous rather than pilose staminal filaments.
Conservation status: This species has been assigned aconservation coding of 2R in Thomas & McDonald (1989). Although not stated on any specimen labels this species probably oc- curs in Daintree National Park.
Etymology: The species name 1s derived from its predominant occurrence in habitats on soils of granitic origin.
Acknowledgement
Mr W. Smith produced the line drawings.
Il References
Forster, P.1., Bostock, P.D., Birp, L.H. & Bran, A.R. (1991), Distribution Atlas and Conservation Status of Vineforest Plants in south east Queensland, Australia, World Wide Fund for Nature Project P135 — Final Report.
Nootesoom, H.P, (1975), Revision of the Symplocaceae of the Old World, New Caledonia excepted. Universitaire Pers Leiden (Leiden Botanical Series 1) 164+336 pp.
(1981). A revision of the Australian species of Symplocos (Symplocaceae). Brunonia 4: 309-326.
STANLEY, T.D. (1986). Symplocaceae, In T.D. Stanley & E.M. Ross, Flora of South-eastern Queensland. Volume 2, Brisbane: Queensland Department of Primary Industries.
THomMas, M.B, & McDona.p, W.J.F. (1989). Rare and Threatened Plants of Queensland. 2nd edition. Brisbane: Queensland Department of Primary In- dustries.
WILLIAMS, J.B., HARDEN, G.J., & MCDONALD, W.J.F. (1984). Trees & Shrubs in Rainforests of New South Wales & Southern Queensland, Armidale: Botany Depatt- ment, University of New England, New South Wales.
LTT
REE RS
ORE
soph tay
eat ema oem rey mre MA GW AMAA EY i rte er rr nt Se A
A taxonomic revision of Netsosperma Raf. (Apocynaceae) in Australia, together with a key to Australian genera of Apocynaceae
Paul I. Forster
Summary
Forster, Paul I. (1993). A taxonomic revision of Neisosperma Raf. (Apocynaceae) in Australia, together with akey to Australian genera of Apocynaceae. Austrobaileya 4(1): 13-20. Two species of Neisosperma Raf. are recognised in Australia, namely N. kilneri (F. Muell.) Fosberg & Sachet and N. poweri (F.M. Bailey) Fosberg & Sachet. N. kilneriis lectotypified. Both species are described and illustrated. A key for their identification and notes on their distribution, habitats and conservation status are provided. N. kilneri is endangered whereas N. poweri is vulnerable. Both species are present in conservation reserves.
A key to the 19 native and naturalised genera of Apocynaceae in Australia is given.
Keywords: Neisosperma — Australia, Neisosperma kilneri, Neisosperma poweri, Apocynaceae — key to
genera.
Paul I. Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia
Introduction
The genus Neisosperma was described by Rafinesque (1838) to include a single species N. muricata Raf. from Polynesia. Since then the name Neisosperma has been little used and many of the species now referred to the genus were previously included in other genera such as Ochrosia Juss. or Calpicarpum G. Don. (Fosberg et al. 1977).
Neisosperma was resurrected by Fosberg and Sachet (1974) who considered that it differed from Ochrosia primarily in the loosely fibrous or spinose endocarps of the fruits as opposed to the solid endocarps of the latter. An independ- ent study by Boiteau et al. (1974, 1975) came to the same conclusion; however, they applied the later generic name of Calpicarpum to this taxon. Subsequently, Fosberg and Sachet (1977) dis- cussed the status of Neisosperma and Calpicarpum and concluded that the latter was asynonym of the former. Fosberg et al. (1977) then made the necessary new combinations under Neisosperma, including the transfer of the Australian Ochrosia poweri F.M. Bailey and O. kilneri F. Muell. Markeraf (1979), in dealing with the Malesian species, summarised
Accepted for publication 23 April 1993
previous work and concluded that the two genera could be distinguished by Neisosperma having “Carpels immerged into a special tis- sue, or in a cross with 2 minute disk scales, abruptly rounded below the style ... Endocarp splitted [sic] into coarse fibers penetrating the mesocarp, often ending in warts in touch with the exocarp. Alcaloids [sic] on corynane ba- sis.” and Ochrosia having “Carpels not immerged in a tissue, though glandular at the base, gradually tapering into the the style; no disk ... Mericarps with a solid thin or thick endocarp surrounding two lateral spongy cavi- ties. Alcaloids [sic] on ellipticine basis.” In spite of these differences and the widespread agreement between Boiteau, Fosberg and Markgraf on the necessity for two genera, Leeuwenberg (1987) dismissed their arguments and reunited the two genera when dealing with the African species.
Despite the close attention to the generic status of these plants by Fosberg and his asso- ciates, there has still been no monographic revision of the genera Ochrosia or Neisosperma that provides descriptions and details on distri- bution and habitats for all species concerned. Recent taxonomic accounts for Africa (Leeuwenberg 1987), Malesia (Markeraf 1979) and New Caledonia (Boiteau 1981) have been
anahangneenerenerre tht hinds na aeneaean eae cogene ena nner te tae cL TERR
14
published but the last for Australia was by Bailey in 1900.
Bailey’s (1900) account is now outdated and includes detailed accounts of several ‘taxa’, namely O. newelliana F.M. Bailey and O. mcdowalliana F.M. Bailey, now considered conspecific with N. poweri (F.M. Bailey) Fosberg & Sachet and N. kilnert (F. Muell.) Fosberg & Sachet respectively (Fosberg ef al. 1977). Recent collecting has revealed a much greater range for N. poweri in Queensland than that given by, for example, Francis (1981), while N. kilneri remains a plant of restricted distribution. I take the opportunity here to describe the Australian species of Neisosperma in detail and provide a key for their identifica- tion because they are poorly known and have often been confused with each other and with species of Ochrosia, either in horticulture or in herbaria. A key to the Australian species of Ochrosiahas been published previously (Forster 1991); however, I also include a combined key to the three species of Ochrosia and the two Neisosperma species occurring in Australia, based on vegetative characters, to enable field identification of relevant material. Flowers of the Australian species of Neisosperma may be distinguished from those of Ochrosia by the presence of a small floral disk of 2 scales alternating with the carpels in the former as opposed to a complete absence of a disk in the latter.
It is anticipated that this 1s my final revi- sionary paper on the Australian Apocy-naceae, which leaves Parsonsia to be reviewed by J.B. Williams. Therefore, a tentative key to the eenera of the family considered to occur in Australia (Forster 1991, 1992a,b,c,d,e,f,g, 1993; Forster & Hyland 1991) is presented here, In providing this I invite users to test its validity prior to publication of the account of
Austrobaileya 4(1): 13— 20 (1993)
Apocynaceae in Volume 28 of “Flora of Aus- tralia’.
Materials and methods
This revision of Australian Neisospermais based on herbarium materialsin AD, BO, BRI, CANB, CBG, MEL, QRS and SING. Both species were examined in the field.
Terminology follows my previous revi- sionary papers on Australian Apocynaceae (Forster 1992a,b,c,d,e,f,g, 1993).
Taxonomic treatment
Neisosperma Raf., Sylva Tell. 162 (1838).Type: N. muricata Raf. (= Neisosperma oppositifolia(Lam.) Fosberg & Sachet).
Perennial shrubs or trees, evergreen; latex clear or white. Stems without spines. Leaves peti- olate, opposite or 3-6 in whorls; lamina simple, coriaceous, with margins entire; colleters ab- sent. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, pedun- culate, bracteate. Flowers pedicellate, scented. Calyx lacking colleters. Corolla cream to or- ange, hypocrateriform; tube cylindrical, con- tracted at top above stamens, glabrous, without scales; lobes dextrorse in bud; corolline corona absent. Stamens included, inserted near middle or near top of tube; anthers lanceolate. Disk reduced to 2 scales alternate withcarpels. Style- head ellipsoid, with a basal ring of hairs, bifid. Fruit apocarpous, mericarps 2, drupaceous; exocarp chartaceous; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp fibrous, projecting into mesocarp numerous hornlike distally directed processes. Seeds 1-4, oblong, flat, ecomose.
A genus of eighteen species, mainly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, with two species in Australta.
Key to Australian species of Netsosperma
1. Secondary venation in leaf lamina prominent; inflorescence a much
branched panicle 5-17 cm long ........
« «@ 4 a # * #& © #£ EF EF EF EF FF F&F FF &F F FF FF *# FF HF BF FF BS F£
1. N. kilmeri
Secondary venation in leaf lamina + visible; inflorescence an
umbelliform cyme 2-4 cm long ........
sila ca ates w Fava tres a oie Skis eeeehs Som as 2. N. powerl
Forster, Australian Neisosperma 15
Key to Australian species of Ochrosia and Neisosperma
based on vegetative features and habitat
1. Leaves always opposite, never in whorls of 4 (QIid/NSW border PUIPESS APPAR OLCSI Yo 250d Sua -x, ote SaReea te Bow Soap gs pee geg ds vou inating @ iciras ad, en es . O. moorei Leaves rarely opposite, usually in whorls of 2t04...... 0.00. eee eee ees 2 2. Leaf lamina with 20-25 secondary veins per side of midrib ............. 0.0 c cue 3 Leaf lamina with 25-30 secondary veins per side of midrib ......... 0.0.00. cee eeees 4 3. Leaves in whorls of 2 or 3 (Cape York Peninsula in vinethickets) gate pace ere abe Bi QO. minima Leaves in whorls of 4 (central and northern Qld in mangroves)..... Oe ee O. elliptica 4. Secondary veins prominent in lower leaf lamina surface ................005. N. kilneri Secondary veins just visible in lower leaf lamina surface................0005 N. poweri
1. Neisosperma kilneri (F. Muell.) Fosberg & Sachet, Adansonia Ser. 2, 17: 29 (1977); Ochrosia kilneri PB. Muell., Pragm. 7: 129-130 (1871); Lactaria kilneri (¥. Muell.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P].415 (1891). Type: Queensland, NorTH KENNEDY DIs- trict: Mt Dryander, April 1871, E. Fitzalan (lecto (here designated): MEL! [MEL1587728)}).
Ochrosia mcdowalliana F.M. Bailey, Bot. Bull. 7: 65 (1893). Type: Queensland. Moreton District: cultivated tree, Wickham Terrace Reserve, Brisbane, R. McDowall (holo: BRI!; iso: BRI').
Illustrations: F.M. Bailey, Queensl. fi. 3: t. XLI & XLIU: 6 (1900); K.A.W. Williams, Native Pl. Queensl. 2: 209 (1984),
Tree to 20 m high; latex white. Leaves peti- olate, in whorls of 3 or 4; lamina elliptic to obovate, up 14 cm long and 6.5 cm wide, discolorous, glabrous, with secondary veins 25—30 very prominent below, tertiary venation reticulate; upper surface dark green; lower sur- face golden-brown; tip rounded to retuse; base cuneate; petiole 3-6 mm long. Inflorescences much-branched pantculate, to 17 cm long, paired or in threes atnodes ofupper leaf bearing stems; peduncles 10-35 mm long. Flowers c. 7 mm long and 7 mm diameter, strongly scented; pedicels 1—-1.3 mm long. Sepals triangular-
ovate, [-1.5 mm long, 0.9~—1 mm wide. Corolla cream; tube 4—5.4 mm long, 1—1.5 mm diam- eter; lobes obovate, 4-5 mm long, 1.4—1.8 mm wide. Stamens inserted 1.5—1.6 mm from top of tube; anthers 1~1.1 mm long, c. 0.4 mm wide. Fruit ellipsoidal, 45-55 mm long, 25-35 mm wide; exocarp red, endocarp fibrous. Fig. 1.
Selected specimens: Queensland, NortH KENNEDY Dis- TRIicT: Dryander Creek, Mt Dryander SE base, 20°14’S, 148°34’E, Jan 1992, Forster 9413 (BRI, K, L, MEL, QRS); SE foothills of Mt Dryander, 20°15’S, 148°33’E, May 1969, Smith 14528 (BRI, CANB); 2-4kmS of Mt Dryander, N of Proserpine, 20°1S’S, 148°33’E, Apr 1985, Rodd & Hardie 4445 (BRI); Gregory Creek, 2km NE of Gregory & c. 15 km N of Proserpine, 20°16’S, 148°35’E, Nov 1985, Sharpe 4151 & Perry (BRI). Sourn KENNepy District: Mt Blackwood, creek E of Kuttabul, 21°02’S, 148°56’E, Jul 1991, Champion 533 (BRI); Range W of Koumala, May 1927, Francis [AQ212765] (BRI), Cultivated. Wickham Park, Brisbane City, Feb 1989, Gordon [AQ454851] (BRD; Ipswich, Jan 1980, Bird [AQ331656] (BRD.
Distribution and habitat: N. kilneri is known from North and South Kennedy districts of Queensland (Map 2) at the type locality Mt Dryander north of Proserpine and at Mt Blackwood. I have been unable to confirm the Francis locality near Koumala; however, the area is poorly known and further survey work in the region centred on Mackay and Proserpine may well reveal additional populations. Plants grow onstony alluvium alongcreeks in notophyll vineforest at Mt Dryander in association with N. power.
16 Austrobaileya 4(1): 13— 20 (1993)
=~ Se ee =, ee ee i CE
WASMITH A
Fig. 1. A,C—-G Neisosperma poweri. B, H. N. kilneri. A,B. habit of flowering stem x 0.4, C. face view of flower x 4. D. side view of flower = 4. E. half corolla showing position of stamens and staminal traces in tube x 4. F. side view of fruit x 2. G. transverse section of fruit showing different layers x 2. H. seedling and fibrous endocarp of fruit x 0.4. A, Williams [AQ394694]; B, Bird [AQ331655]; C—G, Forster 8151; H, Forster 5182A. Del. W. Smith.
Forster, Australian Nefsosperma
Notes: N. kilnertis a distinctive species with its large fruit with the characteristic woody and intricately patterned fibrous endocarp. Itis also the only Australian species of the two genera here discussed, with the inflorescence well de- veloped and extending well beyond the foliage.
Despite the earlier attention to nomencla- ture of the genus by Fosberg and Sachet (1977) and Fosberg et al. (1977), no lectotype has previously been selected for N. kilneri. There are at least five undated specimens of fruits of this species at MEL as well as a pressed speci- men with flowers that is dated April 1871, all collected by Fitzalan at Mt Dryander. The flowering specimen is selected as lectotype of the name OchrosiakilneriF. Muell. as itis dated and predates the publication of that name by Mueller (1871) and is a more complete collec- tion than the others.
Phenology: Flowers April to May; fruits May to July.
Conservation status: Since this species is known definitely from only two localities, this plant should be considered as endangered with a coding of 3EC (cf. Briggs & Leigh 1988). Even though part of the Mt Dryander population 1s now included within a National Park, there are large numbers of plants in Dryander Creek on the south-east side of the mountain that are not. Plants are infrequently cultivated.
2. Neisosperma poweri (F.M. Bailey) Fosberg & Sachet, Adansonia Ser. 2, 17:31 (1977); Ochrosia poweri F.M. Bailey, Bot. Bull. 13: 11 (1896). Type: Queensland. Moreton District: Eumundi, November 1895, F.M. Bailey (holo: BRI).
Ochrosia newelliana F.M. Bailey, Queens- land Agric. J. 5: 389 (1899). Type: Queensland. Coox District: Atherton, JF. Bailey (holo: BRI)).
Ulustration: F.M. Bailey, Queensl. fl. 3: t. XLI & XLII: 2,3 (1900); Floyd, Rainfor- est Trees Mainland S-E. Austral. 71 (1989).
{7
Tree to 10m high; latex white. Leaves petiolate, in whorls of 2 or 3; lamina elliptic, obovate or lanceolate-elliptic, up to 15 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, discolorous, glabrous, with secondary veins 25-30 per side of midrib but + obscure, tertiary venation obscure; upper surface glossy green; lower surface golden-brown; tip acute to shortly acuminate; base cuneate; petiole 3-6 mm long. Infloresence a solitary umbelliform cyme in the upper leaf bearing axils; peduncle 1—25 mm long. Flowers 9-10 mm long, c. 4mm diameter; pedicels 1—1.5 mm long. Sepals lanceolate-ovate, 1.3—1.8 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide. Corolla cream to pale yellow; tube 7—10 mm long, 0.7—1 mm diameter; lobes lanceolate- ovate, 2.5—7 mm long, |.7—2.6 mm wide. Sta- mens inserted just below top of tube; anthers 1—1.1 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide. Fruit ellipsoid- obloid, 35-40 mm long, 14-15 mm diameter, exocarp red, endocarp fibrous. Fig. 1.
Selected specimens: Queensland, Coox Districr: Davies Creek, $.F. 607, 9km past National Park carpark, 17°02’S, 142°38’E, Jun 1991, Forster 8532 (BRI, MEL, QRS); Smithfield, R99, Mar 1961, Hyland 1811 (BRD; S.F. 185 Danbulla, Kauri Creek road, 4 km from Tinaroo Dam end, 17°06’S, 145°35’E, Jan 1992, Forster 9546 (BRI, K, L, MEL, QRS); Tolga, Apr 1962, McKee 9293 (BRI); The Crater, Mt Hypipamee N.P., 17°25’S, 145°30’E, Aug 1948, Smith 3891 (BRD; East Malanda, Sep 1929, Kajewski 1217 (BRI); Goolagan Creek, Palmerston, 17°50’S, 146°05’E, Nov 1963, Hyland 3073 (BRI). NortH KENNEDY DISTRICT: Herberton Range, Nov 1929, Kajewski 1374 (BRD; Por- tion 69, Parish Herberton, 17°28’S, 145°28’E, Jan 1977, Gray 216(BRI, QRS); Keough’s Block, Evelyn, Mar 1972, Stocker 860 (BRI, QRS); SE base of Mt Dryander, middle branch of Dryander Creek, 20°16’S, 148°35’E, Jun 1989, Forster 5180 & Tucker (BRI, NSW); Impulse Creek, S.F. Conway, 20°21°S, 148°44’E, May 1991, Forster 8286 & McDonald (BRI, MEL, QRS); Mt Macartney, S.F. 652 Cawley, 20°49’S, 148°33’E, Apr 1991, Forster 8151 & McDonald (BISH, BRI, CBG, K, L, MEL, MO, QRS). Wink Bay Districr: Mt Cooroy, c, 4 km E of Cooroy, 26°26’S, 152°57’E, Nov 1988, Sharpe 4829 et al. (BRI). Moreton District: Tuckers Creek N.P., 2kmN of Nambour, 26°36’S, 152°38’E, Jan 1990, Sharpe 4935 & Thomas (BRI); Brolga Park, Dulong road, Dulong, 26°39’S, 152°54’E, Dec 1989, Sharpe 4929 & Bean (BRI); Upper Tallebudgera, Dec 1917, White [AQ212761] (BRI); Cougals track, Jun 1984, Jones [AQ440569] (BRI. New South Wales. Bangalow, Dec 1896, Baker [AQ212763] (BRI).
Distribution and habitat: N. powerit has been recorded from north-eastern New South Wales mainly late last century (Floyd 1989), and its distribution is highly disjunctin eastern Queens- land with populations in south-eastern, central
18
and north-eastern regions (Map 1). A northern limit appears to be in the Lamb Range, north of Mareeba (cf. Forster 8532). Plants grow in notophyll vineforests on volcanic soils, often, but not exclusively so, on alluvia.
Notes: N. poweri has been confused in herbaria and cultivation with N. kilneri and Ochrosia minima (Markeraf) Kosberg & Boiteau (Forster 1991).
Austrobaileya 4(1): 13— 20 (1993)
This species has alkaloids in the foliage and bark (Doy & Moore 1962, Douglas et al. 1964) and the fruit are poisonous to mammals.
Phenology: Flowers and fruits throughout the year.
Conservation status: This species is widespread but populations are highly disjunct. An appro- priate conservation coding is 3 VC (cf. Briggs & Leigh 1988). It is present in several National Parks in both southern (Forster et al. 1991) and north-eastern Queensland.
Key to the native and naturalised genera of Apocynaceae m Australia
[SSS TOMAS: SVIEIESDITIES oo oe Ses: bn oh iby ewe pee eo edd Velde SO win ee ewe alae Carissa SLES WM OUT SINGS mice ere reuse Ges arte 6s iy) BER lee a A ape eco qe AP yaa WS, Moon a al aad ole pes Z Zr, eH URCTUT SS LOY PME EE 59nd outs Fasre Mean a dteite seth Eo boast chested Sale ite yk YT nase ais APT a al "G tune ee ese Seen a 3 Stems erect or sprawling, nOttWIMING 1.1... eee ce eee ee tee eens 6 3. Stamens exserted from corolla tube; anthers adherent to style-head ........... Parsonsia Stamens included in corolla tube; anthers free of style-head .......... 0.0.0... 0 0000 ee 4 4, Fruit a dehiscent dry follicle; seeds comose.... 2... ee ee ees Ichnocarpus Fruit an indehiscent fleshy drupe; seeds ecomose ...... 0... cee cee ee eee 5
5. Corolline corona present; fruit not stipitate and not comprised of SEVET AISTIG LOSI FF SSP Tc lel 4 Shute bunscucactnn toe Rrgbntesd | dubece tet ol easiian can okie Melodinus Corolline corona absent; fruit stipitate and comprised of 1—3 articles ............. Alyxia 6; PAE CENISCERE «Ve oraisaicthtencerbtadw ps. sonieuke been shtsht ahaa males ahs aux slo a Wal aueeceh ee Whe 7 PACS CIS CTs oan gece teal d ececaed se beay tos PAPE vigutah wa ation tar atl tala seca nae oau= ey git it 7. Corolla with corolline corona of lobing at tube mouth........0.0 000.000 ccc eee ee ee 8 Corolla without corolline corona of lobing at tube mouth .........0........ 00.5 eee 9 O: G-Orslla Opes Tex Orse. iii DUG «6. 22h ae) ease a ates) aang oe abated eee te Bh Nerium Corolla lobes sintstrorse in bud «0.2... ce eee ec eee eee nes Wrightia 9, Anthers adherent to style-head; fruit with long soft spines ................. Allamanda Anthers free of style-head; fruit without long soft spines. ............0..0 00 ce veces 10 LO. Fruit WoGd ys THSIFORDA ey cy seo nig, db to ce Snipes ge EN § aed Be OR Alstonia Fruit fleshy, obliquely ovoid ......... 0.0000. c cee eee eee ees Tabernaemontana ULES Sean i hse ehcavepatt ct ah soa awd enc ele dasae Sole Huse bebe Shr Sree ESE te Rvaah Se pd cnsd ald igen A EMMMUAY oe OEE, 12 SSLINIBOS VOTERS are ve aotesce eee ay WZ, Phe tatoo Soest abe Niele grew ae tase BRE doe I AA EASA D WEN Ee Secon 5 13
Forster, Australian Netsosperma 19
12.Stems stolonitferous; corolla lilac-blue ... 0.0... eee ee nes Vinca Stems not stoloniferous; corolla white or pink... .... 0... 00... Catharanthus L3,.eat lamina base with:colleters se ca sce yee len SON ea he ee ee A Rauvolfia Leaf lamina base without colleters ... 0.0... cc eee eee eee nee 14 PM: Corolla infimdi Dolor: .. «5.3 <4 cee Scaceye us aoececd won he Fate bopoee uae e et we aa Cascabela Corolla hypocrateriform or salverform.... 0... cece eee eens 15 PS. Styleswitlt disk ab-Daseé: ce. wees ea ce te wee yA eae ee EE 5B tates Hwee 16 SEs WVAIIOUE GISRSAU ASE Fe. Sense aby atiar eee deg teeter de ama pad aAd Hoe kek bas ieded net aes ens 18 16. Corolla lobes sinistrorse in bud .........0.....00. By otto megeeeee au leh enrae Voacanga Corolla lobes dextrorse in bud 2... eee cen ee evens e eens 17 17. Corolla tube contracted at top above stamens; fruit endocarp fibrous ....... Neisosperma Corolla tube expanded at top above stamens; fruit endocarp fleshy.............. Kopsia 18. Corolla lobes dextrorse in bud 2.0... cc cee ene eens Ochrosia (Corolla Obes SiiisiPOrse I DUG: cn feud eyes eed ace ogc hegonngt Bot ok o etna aaeirecaan ibaa 19 19. Anthers with introrse dehiscence; fruit moniliform, often with 1—several ATIFC HESS coe: san Mi x Peess, DEG Oa hb ee ago aye eee Sehr Vee EEN el aheetas Noe oa SR Mie ahd cae esha Alyxia Anthers with lateral to sublateral dehiscence; fruit winged..................0. Cerbera
Acknowledgements
Figure 1 was prepared by W. Smith (BRI). Plant specimens or distributional data were collected with the assistance of P.D. Bostock, I, Cham- pion, G. Kenning, D.J. & LM. Liddle, W.J. McDonald, P. Thompson and M.C. Tucker. The author was funded by the Australian Bio- logical Resources Study for preferred objective research on the Apocynaceae in 1991-92,
References
BAILEY, F.M, (1900), Apocynaceae. In Queensland Flora. 3: 974-395. Brisbane: Governemnt Printer.
Borreau, P. (1981). Apocynacées. In Flore de la Nouvelle- Calédonie et Dependances. 10. Paris: Muséum ~ National D’ Histoire Naturelle.
BolTEAu, P., ALLORGE, L., SEVENET, T. & Potizr, P. (1974). Observations morphologiques et chimiotaxo- nomigues sur les Ochrosiniinées de Nouvelle- Calédonie, Adansonia, Sér, 2, 14: 485-497.
BorrEAuo, P., ALLORGE, L. & SEVENET, T, (1975). Notes sur jes Ochrosinées de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Adansonia, Sér, 2, 15:147-153.
DouGLas, B., KIRKPATRICK, J.L., Moore, B.P. & WeIsBacn, J.A. (1964). Alkaloids of Ochrosia poweri Bailey, II, The 2-acylindole stem-bark bases. Australian Journal of Chemistry 17: 246-255.
Doy, F.A. & Moors, B.P. (1962). Alkaloids of Ochrosia power Bailey, 1. The leaf-bases. Australian Jour- nal of Chemistry 15: 548-554,
Fioyvp, A.G. (1989). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South- eastern Australia, Melbourne & Sydney: Inkata ~ Press.
Forster, P.I. (1991). Ochrosia minima (Markgraf) Fosberg & Boiteau (Apocynaceae), a new record for Aus- tralia. Austrobaileya 3: 557-559.
(1992a), A taxonomic revision of Melodinus (Apocynaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 3: 387-400.
(1992b). A taxonomic revision of Cerbera L. (Apocynaceae) in Australia and Papuasia, Austro- baileya 3: 569-579.
(1992c), Circumscription of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam. (Apocynaceae) in Australia, Auys- tralian Systematic Botany 5: 521-531.
20
1 ZI
Austrobaileya 4(1): 13-20 (1993)
Maps 1-2. Distribution of Neisosperma spp. mapped in 1° grid squares. 1. N. poweri. 2. N. kilneri .
(1992d). A taxonomic revision of Ichnocarpus (Apocynaceae) in Australia and Papuasia. Austral- ian Systematic Botany 5: 533-545.
(1992e). A taxonomic revision of Alyxia (Apocynaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 5: 547-580.
(1992f). A taxonomic revision of Carissa (Apocynaceae) in Australia, Australian Systematic Botany 5: 581-591.
(1992¢), A taxonomic revision of Alstonia (Apocynaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 5: 745-760.
(1993). Resurrection of Wrightia versicolor S.T. Blake (Apocynaceae). Austrobaileya 4: 109-112.
Forster, P.I. & Hytanp, B.P.M. (1991). Voacanga erandifolia (Miq.) Rolfe (Apocynaceae), a new generic record from Torres Strait, Queensland, Aus- tralia. Austrobaileya 3: 561.
Forster, P.I., Bostock, P.D., Birp, L.H. & BEAN, A.R. (1991). Vineforest Plant Atlas for South-East Queensland. Brisbane: Queensland Herbarium.
Fosperc, F.R. & SAcuet, M.-H. (1974). Plants of South- eastern Polynesia. 3. Micronesica 10: 251-256.
FossBerG F.R, & Sacuet, M.-H. (1977). Nomenclature of the Ochrosiinae (Apocynaceae): 1. Application of the names Neisosperma Raf, and Calpicarpum G. Don. Adansonia Ser. 2, 17: 19-22.
FosperG F.R., Borreau, P. & SACHET, M.-H. (1977). No- menclature of the Ochrosiinae (Apocynaceae): 2. Synonymy of Ochrosia Juss. and Neisosperma Raf. Adansonia Ser. 2, 17: 23-33.
Frances, W.D. (1981). Australian Rain-forest Trees. 4th Edition. Canberra: Australian Government Pub- lishing Service.
LEEUWENBERG, A.J.M. (1987). The African species of Ochrosia Juss. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers 87-5: 45-53.
MarkarafF, F. (1979), Florae Malesianae Praecursores LIX Apocynaceae V, Ochrosia, Neisosperma, Blumea 25: 233-247, |
MUELLER, F. (1871). Ochrosia kilneri. Fragmenta Phytographie Australie 7: 129. Melbourne: Goy- ernment Printer.
RAFINESQUE, C.S. (1838). Sylva Telluriana, Philadelphia: C.S. Rafinesque.
The genus Pavetta L. (Rubiaceae) in Australia
S.T. Reynolds
Summary
Reynolds, S.T. (1993). The genus Pavetta L. (Rubiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49. The genus Pavetta L. in Australia is revised; fen species and four varieties are recognised, P. conferta, P. kimberleyana, P. rupicola, P. speciosa, P. tenella, P. vaga, P. australiensis var. pubigera, and P. brownii var. glabrata are new. All taxa recognised are described, and notes on their diagnostic features, affinities and geographical distribution given. Keys to these taxa and distributional maps of them are provided.
P, modesta Bremek, is synonymised under P. granitica Bremek.; P. insulana Bremek. under P. brownii Bremek.; P. brownil var. pubescens Bremek, and P. brownii var. glabra Bremek. under P. brownti var. brownii. Specimens previously identified as P. brownit var. glabra are included under P. brownii var, glabrata. A lectotype is chosen for P. brownii Bremek.
Keywords: Pavetta — Australia, Pavetta conferta, Pavetta kimberleyana, Pavetta rupicola, Pavetta speciosa, Pavetta tenella, Pavetta vaga, Pavetta australiensis vat. pubigera, Pavetta brownii var.
glabrata.
S.T. Reynolds, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia
Introduction
The genus Pavetta L. in Australia is extremely complex, and the identification of most of its species has been very difficult and problematic, mainly because most of the species resemble each other closely especially in their inflores- cence and fruit characters. Moreover many spe- cies were poorly known and poorly represented or represented by incomplete material (leaves immature on flowering specimens). In most cases it was found that only a few specimens appear to belong together, and with a limited amount of material it was difficult to ascertain the variations and exceptions within the species. One species, viz P. insulana Bremek. was not represented at all in Australian herbaria (type at L).
Bentham (1867), who followed Lamarck (1789) by referring Pavetta L. to asection under the genus /xora L., recognised two species from Australia which he considered to be the same as two Indian species, viz xora pavetta Roxb. and Ixora tomentosa Roxb.
Bremekamp (1934), however, considered the Australian plants to be quite distinct from the above Indian species (which according to
Accepted for publication 28 May 1993
him arerestricted to South East Asia). Herecog- nised and described six species from Australia (1934, 1939), viz P. australiensis, P. brownii, P. granitica, P. insulana, P. modesta and P. muelleri, which he considered all new and en- demic to Australia. Because his treatment is mostly regional, the relationship of these spe- cies with the Indian and other species from outside Australia (especially New Guinea) is notknown. Withtheexception of P. australiensis and P. brownii, all his other species were known only from their types. As more material became available, the differentiating characters he used in his key to separate the species were found to beunreliable, because the characters were found to vary not only in different samples of the same species but also within the same individual. Therefore it was extremely difficult to delimit some of the species and misidentification was frequent in Australian herbaria. Most species were in a confused state; similar specimens were found filed under different names; differ- ent looking specimens were filed under the same name, while some were still filed under P. indica and P. tomentosa. Increased collectings also exhibited an increased range of variability of some of the species viz P. australiensis and P. brownii, making them very difficult to circum- scribe.
22
Although increased collectings in recent years have added to the number of representa- tive specimens of many of the species, and enabled description of the new species, some species are still poorly known. Also there are a few unknown collections which cannot be placed with certainty in any of the recognised taxa. All these require further collectings.
Ten species are recognised here: six of these are new; four of the species recognised by Bremekamp are retained, viz P. australiensis, P. brownii, P. granitica and P. muelleri; two of his species are placed in synonymy, viz P. insulana Bremek. under P. brownii Bremek., and P. modesta Bremek. under P. granitica Bremek. Although the species recognised here are quite variable, or forms resemble each other closely , they are nevertheless, quite distinctive. However the relationship and status of some of the species may probably change as more mate- rial becomes available.
Some of the Australian species, viz P. australiensis Bremek. and P. tenella S.T. Reynolds closely resemble P. platyclada Lauterb. et K. Schum. from New Guinea, P. opulina (J.R. Forst.) DC. from New Caledonia and P. moluccana Bremek. from Timor, and the species are no doubt closely related. But speci- mens available for study of these offshore spe- cies are too few for a comparative study, and an assessment of their relationship must awaitrevi- sionary studies of Pavetta L. for this whole area.
Conservation status: Although most species are poorly represented in herbaria (mainly be- cause some species occur only in remote areas), none of the Australian species of Pavetta appear to be rare or threatened.
Note: This study is based mostly on herbarium material. The measurements of leaves and inflo- rescence axes are based on dried material, while those of flowers are from fresh material or material reconstituted by boiling in water.
This revision of Pavetta L. is part of the ‘Revision of the tribe Pavetteae Dumort in Australia’, funded by the Australian Biological Resources Study. A revision of the remainder of the tribe will be published later.
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993) Taxonomy
Pavetta L. Sp. Pl. 1: 110 (May 1753). Type: Pavetta indica L. Bremekamp, Feddes Repert. 37: 1-208 (1934), op. cit. 47: 12, 26, 27 (1939); Bridson, Kew Bulletin 32(3): 609-652 (1978).
lxora sect. Pavetta (L.) Benth., F1. austral. 3: 414-415 (1867, ‘1866’)
Derivation of name: from ‘Pawatta’, a Sinhalese name for P. indica L.
Deciduous shrubs or small trees. Leaves imma- ture or absent at time of flowering, usually clustered at apex of branchlets, opposite, mem- branous to slightly coriaceous, usually drying blackish, mostly obscurely dotted, sometimes with bacterial galls in the lamina; petiolate; stipules united into an interpetiolar oblique sheath, truncate or with subulate long-aristate lobes, or with ovate or triangular, cuspidate or aristate lobes, prominently keeled, mostly with silky colleters on the inside (at base). Inflores- cences terminal on main or lateral leafy or leafless branchlets (flowering branchlets), loosely trichotomous, usually sessile above the last pair of leaves; branches corymbiform, usu- ally many-flowered; central branch with one to few, usually short internodes, mostly with a few pairs of small deciduous leaves distal to first internode (usually absent on fruiting specimens); lateral branches mostly with one internode; bracts sheathing young inflorescences large, stipular; those subtending the trichotomous branches of the inflorescences (usually lower corymbiform branches) connate, conspicuous, usually + membranous, while those at base of cymules small and usually subulate; bracteoles inconspicuous or absent; peduncle-like flower- ing branchlets (subtending the inflorescence) usually long, and covered with thin smooth corky flaky bark. Flowers bisexual, 4-merous; pedicellate. Calyx usually with a shorttube, and shorter, flared, mostly membranous, denticulate limb (Australian species); calyx tube turbinate or campanulate, glabrous or hairy outside, gla- brous inside; limb witha shorttube and with tiny lobes at flared apex; calyx lobes ovate, triangu- lar to subulate, keeled or not. Corolla white,
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
fragrant, tube cylindrical, slender, usually slightly dilated at the throat, glabrous or pilose outside; usually pilose inside at throat; corolla lobes shorter than the tube, contorted in bud, lanceolate or elliptic, apiculate, reflexed. Sta- mens inserted at mouth of the corolla tube, subsessile, filaments shorter than anthers; an- thers dorsifixed near its base, linear, acuminate with a prolonged connective at apex, sagittate at base, exserted, usually reflexed, twisted at anthesis. Disc annular, fleshy. Ovary 2-locular, ovules solitary in each locule, slightly immersed in fleshy + cupular placenta; style slender, thick- ened in the upper part, long-exserted, exserted portion much longer than corolla lobes; stigma club-shaped, bifid, ribbed, papillate or shortly hairy. Fruit a drupe, globose, crowned by persistent calyx lobes, mostly drying black and shiny; pyrenes | or 2, thin-walled. Seeds 2 or 1 (by abortion), attached to the centre of septum, subglobose or hemispherical, convex on dorsal face, and usually rugose, + concave and with a wide circular excavation in the centre on the
23
ventral face; testa thin; endosperm entire; em- bryo dorsal, small, curved.
About 400 species (Mabberley 1989) in Old World tropics, from Africa to South East Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Ten species in Australia, six new.
The genus Pavetta L. is characterised by its corymbiform inflorescences terminal on long peduncle-like leafy or leafless branchlets, connate bracts at the junction of the tricho- tomously branched inflorescences, and by its white, 4-merous flowers, with long exserted style and fusiform bifid stigma.
It is easily distinguished from other mem- bers of the tribe Pavetteae Dumort in Australia, Ixora L. and Tarenna Gaertner, chiefly by the conspicuous connate bracts at the base of the trichotomous branches ofthe inflorescence. The bracts are free in the latter genera.
The genera Pavetta L. and IxoraL., which have sometimes been combined, may be distin- guished as follows.
1. Bracts connate at base of trichotomous branches of the inflorescence, and usually membranous; branches of inflorescence not articulated; stigma inconspicuously 2-fid; flowers drying very pale brown or blackish; leaves deciduous, + membranous or slightly coriaceous, hairy or glabrous; stipules united into an interpetiolar sheath, truncate or with prominent
CPISPIG APS UDO GSere = mua 5! aj cnlen kal his al nde ose F.4E raw GEE a GS Sela led dy eheelalla WGue Pavetta Bracts free, + coriaceous; branches of inflorescence articulated; stigma
with 2 recurved lobes, flowers drying + reddish (wine-coloured); leaves
not deciduous, usually coriaceous, glabrous; stipules usually very shortly
united at base, and with cuspidate or aristate lobes. ... 00... . cc ce ee eee Ixora
The genus Pavetta L. was divided by Bremekamp (1934) into subgenera, sections and series. The Australian species are referable to subgenus Pavetta ‘eupavetta’, section Pavettaster Bremek. and series Austro- orientales Bremek.
Notes: In the following key to species, the nature of the hairs on the calyx (of opened flowers but not buds) and the leaves are used to distinguish most of the species. Because most species (except P. australiensis) are poorly represented in herbaria, or represented by in-
complete material Gnostly because the leaves are deciduous and therefore absent or immature when flowering material is collected), sets of characters are provided to help distinguish the species.
In the descriptions, the length ofthe flow- ering branchlet is actually that of the peduncle- like long stalk subtending the trichotomously branched corymbiform inflorescences, and the measurement of the inflorescence comprises the three corymbiform branches from apex of peduncle-like stalk.
Sree ree rent bce tee rb nr nce ne te ME RN A ROR RRR REE «
24
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993) Key to the Species . Leaves and inflorescence glabrous (very rarely with a few scattered hairs on inflorescence axes and calyX) 0... ce ee eee eee eee etna 2 Leaves hairy all over the surface or the hairs restricted to midrib and nerves EVTELOTE S CENCE SIG sas vse p peak we ets Doe ree eei k Oe Macy Aes le ae: ee sik rl nih cee aed eke Sj 4
. Leaves 0.8—2.5(—-3.2) cm wide; petioles 2—-10(—16) mm long; midrib
conspicuously raised on lower surfaces; inflorescences compact with short branches; pedicels 1-4 mm long; calyx distinctly toothed
Leaves (2.0-)4.0—8.0(—9.2) cm wide; petioles (7—)12—22 mm long; midrib not conspicuously raised on lower surfaces; inflorescences open with long branches; pedicels 4.5—-12.0 mm long; calyx indistinctly toothed ............... 3
. Leaves 5.5-15.0 x 2.0-6.2 cm, elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate,
apex acute, acuminate or subobtuse; texture thin; corolla tube
CFA 2 17 am ORS sc 5.5 aiare cc rguiseied Atel A hls BEng, Bal wie alee RE 1. P. australiensis Leaves 7.5-21.0 x 3.5-9.2 cm, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or + obovate,
apex obtuse or subacute, rarely shortly acuminate or + rounded;
texture + coriaceous; corolla tube 6-9(-11) mm long .................. 5. P. brownii
. Leaves 0.8—2.5(—3.2) cm wide, attenuate into short petiole; both
surfaces hairy; petioles 2—10(—16) mm long; inflorescence usually compacted; pedicels 1-4 mm long; calyx distinctly toothed, appressed
hairy; corolla tube (8—)12—14 mm long ...... 0... ce eee 2. P. granitica Leaves usually more than 3.5 cm wide, if less then not with above SOM DIT ALIOM COL CHATACTORS 5.15.05. kets teon seh oe ONGN ws acetastrueke wg aaah p mite: sonar hina wedey tL seyhoe Negt bese 5
. Leaves very thin in texture, apex prominently acuminate or acute;
lower surfaces of leaves and inflorescences very finely hairy......... 1, P. australiensis Leaves usually + coriaceous, apex obtuse, + rounded, acute, subacute
or rarely shortly acuminate at apex; both surfaces of leaves and
inflorescences finely hairy, or leaves hairy only on lower surfaces,
or only on the midrib and nerves ...... 0... cc eee cette tenet eens 6
. Hairs on calyx tube usually straight and patent... 0.0... cc ee eee eens 7
Hairs on calyx tube usually curved, antrorsely curved or appressed, PAPC TY AAS ES POAT cd ba elec le a rtine Sage gases wane nary adi cela oP deg Mes brmovcat & aes ob Eek esate acndlytaates 9
. Leaves and flowers on short stalks; petioles 0.5—1.0 cm long;
pedicels 2-4 mm long; leaves 1.5~5.5 cm wide, both surfaces hairy, dries very pale brown or yellow-brown with paler nerves; lateral corymbs 9—14-flowered 2.0... ccc ccc eee eee eee e tee ee ene a 6. P. rupicola
Leaves and flowers on long stalks; petioles 0.8-4.0 cm long; pedicels (4.5—)6—-13 mm long; leaves (3.5—)4.5-10.0 cm wide; both surfaces hairy or hairy only on the midrib and nerves, dries brown, olive-brown or infused with black, with whitish or blackish nerves; lateral corymbs (7—)11—34-flowered .......... 0.0.0.0 cee eeu eeees sou bes SESS 4 8
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
8. Petioles 0.8—1.7(-2.2) cm long; leaves 7.5—15.5(-21) x (3.5—)4.5-8.0 (-9.2) cm; internode of lateral branches of inflorescence (6—) 11-20 mm long; calyx lobes 0.3-0.5 mm long; corollatube 6-11 mm long, corolla lobes 4.5-6.0 mm long; leaves and inflorescence usually
dries blackish or infused with black .......... 0.00... cc cae ee eee
Petioles (1.6—)2.7-4.0 cm long; leaves (12.0-)17.0-24.5 x (4.7—)5.5—10.0 cm; internode of lateral branches of inflorescence (6-)20-40 mm long; calyx lobes 0.7-1.0 mm long; corolla tubes (8—)10-13 mm long; corolla lobes 5.5—6.5 mm long; leaves and inflorescence very rarely
ery annfirsedoyitiy DIACK >, 5.2 dye bce ek koe we bls ceaeeeaee nein Spek Fee wees
9. Leaves‘hatry on both surfaces: .... <0 ces ee ee ce ees ee een ees
Leaves glabrous on upper surfaces, but hairy on lower surfaces, or hairy
only on the midrib of both surfaces... 0... . cee ee
10.Lower surface of leaves densely hairy, upper ones with dense
or sparse persistent hairs; calyx with appressed hairs.................
Both surfaces of leaves sparsely hairy; calyx with antrorsely curved,
appressed or + spreading Nas « ..sad4 fsa gece hs Ge ae ee da a oo
11.Pedicels usually unequal in length in a cymule; fruiting pedicels 3-8 mm long; petioles 0.5-—2.5 cm long; internodes of central branch of inflorescence 5-10 mm long; calyx tube and usually limb, with dense, slightly curly appressed hairs; corolla tube (4-)7-10 mm long; leaves usually glossy on upper surface, dries brown or reddish
brown with reddish or whitish nerves; lateral nerves 12-14 pairs .......
Pedicels usually equal in length in a cymule; fruiting pedicels (7-) 10-20 mm long; petioles (1.2—)2.4—3.5 cm long; internodes of central branch of inflorescence (6—)12—17 mm long; calyx tube with moderately sparse, short, + curved, appressed hairs, hairs sparser on limb; corolla tube 9-11(—15) mm long; leaves + shiny or slightly dull on upper surface, dries pale brown, yellowish-brown to olive-brown,
25
3. P. muelleri
with whitish or pale yellow nerves; lateral nerves 9-11(-13) pairs ... 4. P. kimberleyana
12.Inflorescences compact, depressed from top and with short lateral branches (internodes of central branch 3—5(—7) mm long,
that of lateral branch 2—7(—12) mm long); connate bracts finely hairy outside; calyx tube usually with appressed or antrorsely curved hairs;
— corolla tube 7—-11(—-13) mm long, glabrous outside; stipules connate
below middle, with broadly ovate lobes ..... 0.0.0.0... 0c cc eee eee
Inflorescences open with long branches (internodes of central branch 5-15 mm long, that of lateral branch 20-30 mm long); connate bracts + velutinous outside; calyx tube with antrorsely curved or + spreading hairs; corolla tube 12-14 mm long, usually pilose outside; stipules united nearly the whole length forming a long
sheath, truncate or with small ovate lobes... 0.0... 0.0.0.0 eee eee ee
9. P. conferta
26
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
13.Leaves and fruits on long stalks; petioles (1.2—)2.4-4.0 cm long; fruiting pedicels (7—)10—20 mm long; lateral branch of inflorescence with (6-)10-40 mm long internode; calyx distinctly toothed, tube appressed hairy; leaves (6.0—)8.5—25.0 x (2.5—)5.5-10.0 cm... . 0... eee ee 14
Leaves and fruits on moderately short stalks; petioles 0.8-2.2 cm long; fruiting pedicels 8-14 mm long; lateral branch of inflorescence with (6—)8—20 mm long internode; calyx with or without distinct teeth, tube with appressed or antrorsely curved hairs; leaves (6.0—)9.0—15.5
(—21.0) x 3.5-8.0(7-9.2) cm .........0..
14, Petioles (1.2—)2.4-3.5 cm long; pedicels 2.5-4.5(—-10.0) mm long (in fruit (7-)10—20 mm long); internode of lateral branch of inflorescence
10-27 mm long;
corolla tube 9-11(-15) mm long; leaves (6.0—)
8.5—18.5(-25.0) x (2.5—)5.5—7.0(-8.5) cm, elliptic, broadly lanceolate or
subobovate, apex obtuse, + rounded or subacute ............ 00 ee 4, P. kimberleyana Petioles (1.6—)2.7-4.0 cm long; pedicels (6—)10—13mm long (in fruit
(8—)12—-15 mm long); internode of iateral branch of inflorescence
(6—)20—40 mm long; corolla tube (8—)10-13 mm long; leaves
(12.0—)17.0-24.5 x (4.7—)5.5—10.0 cm, elliptic, abruptly narrow at both
ends, apex obtuse or abruptly shortly acuminate ...... 0.0... cece eee 7. P. tenella
15. Inflorescences large, densely flowered with showy large flowers; branches short (internodes of central branch 5-8 mm long, that of lateral branch 6—11 mm long); corolla tube (9-)12—16 mm long, gradually dilated to apex, pilose outside; corolla lobes 6.5—7.0 mm long; calyx distinctly toothed; leaves obovate to elliptic; lateral nerves
oblique or arcuate, (9—)12—18-paired....
' * * © @#@ © 8 #£ @ © © © €£ ££ & & &@ # © # © HF 8 8 8 f
8. P. speciosa
Not with above combination of characters; inflorescence branches usually long (internodes of central branch 5-15-30) mm long, that of lateral branch (6—)11—20 mm long); corolla tubes 6—9(-11) mm long, slender or dilated towards apex, glabrous outside; corolla lobes 4.5-6.0 mm long; calyx indistinctly toothed; leaves elliptic, elliptic- oblong or rarely+ obovate; lateral nerves patent or + oblique, 8—10-paired
* s&s © © & © & F&F &€& § & FE € F FF F&F F&F F&F FF SF FE FE FE EE F&F S&S FF F&F FF EF EF FF FF
1. Pavetta australiensis Bremek., Feddes Repert. 37: 124 (1934). Type: Queens- land: Coox Districr: Cape York, 12 No- vember 1849, J. Macgillivray s.n. (holo: K 3),
[Jxora pavetta auct. non Roxb.: Benth., FI. austral. 3: 414 (1867 ‘1866’): F. Muell., Ist Census 74 (1882)].
[Pavetta indica auct. non L.: F. Muell., Fragm. 9:182 (1875): Bailey, Synopsis. Qd Fl. 227 (1883), & Qd FI. 3: 766 (1900): Ewart & Davies, Fl. Northern Territory 258 (1917): Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 623 (1928) as P indica var. typica nom. inval. |
Becket Dolal gles Gk ark WRT AS aos AY eM ast eoatlabahe 5. P. brownii
Shrubs or small trees 2—5 m high; bark grey; all parts glabrous, or tips of branchlets, leaves and inflorescence finely hairy. Leaves usually clus- tered at tips of branchlets, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate-acuminate to lanceolate, (5.5—)8.0—15.0 x (2.0-)4.0-6.2 cm; apex abruptly acuminate (acumen long or short), acute or + obtuse, mucronate, base + obtuse or acute, occasionally abruptly acute and attenuate into petiole; texture thin (very thin when dry and slightly membranous); glabrous or lower sur- faces finely hairy with pale or brown hairs, or only midribs hairy; dries pale olive-green to darkish brown or blackish with black, reddish or whitish nerves; midrib usually + sunken to- wards the base on upper surfaces, raised below,
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
dries whitish or blackish; lateral nerves very thin, widely spaced, 6—9(—12) pairs, slightly oblique, erect or arcuate; reticulate venation very fine; petioles (0.7—)1.7—2.2 cm long, hairy or glabrous. Stipules at apex of branchlets ovoid-globose, acuminate, those on branchlets connate to above the middle and usually form- ing an oblique sheath, slightly truncate, or with ovate, aristate, conspicuously keeled lobes, +t membranous, dries very pale brown, glabrous or puberulous outside, usually with sparse long colleters inside (at base). Stipular bracts sheath- ing young inflorescences broadly ovate, +mem- branous, dries pinkish-brown. Inflorescence bearing branchlets 3.5—19.5 cm long, with pale or reddish brown papery peeling bark; inflores- cences one to few clustered at tips of branchlets, 2,5-9.5 x 5,0-12.0 cm, laxly corymbose, cen- tral branch with (1), 2 or 3 internodes, these (3-)7-28 mm long; lateral branches with (6—) 11-35 mm long internode, and (8—)17—29-flow- ered corymbs; peduncles glabrous, rarely witha few antrorsely curved hairs; connate bracts broadly ovate, cuspidate, membranous, glabrous or puberulous outside, 8-10 x 6—8 mm. Pedicels 5—10 mm long (in fruit (8—)13—16 mm long), glabrous or puberulous; calyx with a slightly flared, short, pale + membranous limb, indis- tinctly toothed, 1.5—2.5 x 1.0-2.2 mm, glabrous
27
or with fine, antrorsely curved or appressed hairs onthe tube; limb about one third the length of the tube, glabrous; calyx lobes minute, about 0.5 mm long, narrowly triangular or subulate, keeled, glabrous or with a few hairs at apex; corolla tube slender, dilated towards the mouth, (7—) 12-17 mm long, 1.0—1.5 mm wide at base, 1.5—2.5 mm wide at top, usually pilose at throat; corolla lobes about halfas long as the tube, (5—) 6-8 x 2-3 mm, elliptic or lanceolate, obtuse or subacute; anthers 3.5—5.0 mm long; styles 2.5~3.5 mm long. Fruits 5—9 x 5~7 mm; seeds subglobose, 4-6 x 4-6 mm.
Diagnostic features: P. australiensis is dis- tinguishable by its thin, glabrous or hairy, ellip- tic or lanceolate, acuminate, subacute or obtuse leaves; its few lateral nerves; obliquely ovate thin stipules; usually many-flowered, laxly corymbose, glabrous or hairy inflorescences; its slender pedicels, long corolla tubes, and by its large, thin, oblique, usually persistent bracts on young inflorescences.
This species is very variable in the shape and size of leaves and inflorescence, in the length of corolla tube and the degree of hairi- ness. Two varieties are separated here as fol- lows.
1. Leaves and inflorescence glabrous (very rarely with a few scattered
FRATES ee yc calacetsiniestacs- 4c vs seh deh oh Sancta oe
ane te ava Mune ok teh wok alent whl var. australiensis
Lower surface of leaves and inflorescence finely hairy................08. var. pubigera
P. australiensis Bremek. var. australiensis
Distinguishing characters are as indicated in the key above.
Representative specimens: Queensland. Cook District: Cape York, Mar 1868, Daemels.n. GS, MEL); 4.5 km from Watson River Crossing on the Aurukun-Merluna road, about 40 km NE of Aurukun, Dec 1981, Clarkson 4060 (BRI); Round Mountain, Embley Range (13°33'S, 143°30! E), Jun 1992, Forster 10468 (BRD); *Silver Valley (17°27’S, 145°15°E), Dec 1976, Gray 9 (QRS).* Mt Molloy, Apr 1932, Brass s.n.(BRIJ). Burke District: ** Karumba, Aug 1943, Blake 15135 (BRI, MEL);NortH Kennepy District: Murray River, Oct 1867, Dallachy sn. QMEL 1554006); *Townsville, Dec 1961, Kennedy s.n. (BRI); Conway road about 0.5 km N of Conway beach, about 30 km E of Proserpine, Nov 1985, Sharp 4001 & Batianoff (BRD. South Kennepy District: Port Mackay, 1863, Dietrich
1836 (CANB). Port Curtis District: Keppel and Shoal Bay, Brown 3447 (BM ), and 3448 (BM, CANB, NSW). LEICHHARDT bDistricTt: Lake Elphinstone area, Feb 1987, Champion 217 (BRD. purnett District: 5 of Cania Gorge National Park, about 20 km NNW of Monto, Oct 1983, Henderson 2984, Guymer & Dillewaard (BRI, CANB). Moreton District: Brisbane River, date unknown, Mueller (K, MEL); ditto, Sep 1820, Cunningham 105 (K), ditto, Sep 1827, Cunningham 562 (BM, K). New South Wales. Tweed River, date unknown, Eaves s.n. MEL 15533987); Kyogle, May 1947, Hayes s.n. (NSW).
Distribution and habitat: Eastern Australia, chiefly coastal, from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, to northern New South Wales; usually as an understorey tree in fringing forests along creeks and rivers, in dry scrubs, coastal forests, beach ridges, and hillsides. Map 1.
28
Notes: This variety consists of several forms varying especially in the form of the leaves and inflorescences. These forms are not formally recognised here because they are connected by intermediate forms or they are poorly known. However, two of these forms, from north and northwestern Queensland, both with narrow leaves, are rather distinctive and probably wor- thy of recognition, but there are not enough specimens available of them to establish whether they are consistently different.
The form from north Queensland ( * Brass s.n.; * Gray 9; and * Kennedy s.n.) has narrow leaves (2-4 cm wide), long pedicels (about 10 mm long) and long corolla tubes (13-17 mm long). The one from northwestern Queensland, viz ** Blake 15135 from Karumba, has narrow, elliptic + falcate leaves, 8.5—13.0 x 1.9—2.8 cm, with acute or subacute apex, and 1s acute and decurrent into long prominent petiole at base; the midrib dries very pale yellow and is very prominently raised on lower surfaces and con- tinuous with the very pale yellow, long, thick petiole, lateral nerves obscure; the petioles are 1.7—2.3 cm long; the inflorescences (immature) have short branches 5—7 mm long, the pedicels aré 2-4 mm long, and the corolla tubes about 8 mm long. This form has the aspect of both P. australiensis and P. granitica and 1s probably distinct from both these species, but until more collections from this area are seen, it is tenta- tively included under the former species be- cause in most features it appears to agree more with this species.
Affinities: Some forms of P. australiensis var. australiensis resemble P. opulina (J.R. Forst.) DC. from New Caledonia, as represented by specimens under that name at BRI. They are also comparable with the type of the latter species name, viz Forster s.n. (K !). The species are probably closely related, but because only a few specimens of P. opulina were seen in this study, it has not been possible to assess its variability andrelationship to P. australiensis at this time.
P. australiensis var. pubigera S.T. Reynolds var. nov. P. australiensi var. australiensi similis autem foliis inflorescentiisque pubescentibus differt. Typus: Queensland.
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
Cook District: Gap Creek about 22 miles [34.2 km] S by E of Cooktown, altitude 300 m, 19 May 1969, Smith s.n. (holo: BRI (AQ 377111); iso: CANB).
Distinguishing characters of this variety are as indicated in the key above. The leaves are usually abruptly and conspicuously acuminate (mostly with a moderately long acumen) or acute at apex, and the corolla tubes are mostly shorter (7-12 mm long) than those of the typical variety.
Specimens examined: Queensland. Cook Districr: Tim- ber Reserve 114, Kewteven, MclIlwraith Range (13°43’S, [43°19 EB), Mar 1982, Hyland 11766 (BRI, QRS); 16 km along road to Leo Creek Mine, MclIlwraith Range (13°42’ S, 143°13’E), Jun 1992, Forster 10094 (BRD; Gap Creek, Aug 1973, Moriarty 1416 (CANB); Bloomfield near Hopedale, Sep 1960, Smith 11102 (BRI, CANB); Palmerston National Park, about 1.6km S of highway, 32km WSW of Innisfail, Sep 1960, Smith 11272 (BRI).
Distribution and habitat: North Queensland, from MclIlwraith Range to near Innisfail; in eucalypt woodlands, at 300-700 m altitude. Map 5.
Affinities: Collections of P. australiensis var. pubigera are comparable with specimens of two New Guinea species, viz P. platyclada Laut. et K. Schum. and P. valetonii Bremek. They are scarcely separable from some of the specimens of P. platyclada Lauterb. et K. Schum. at BRI and NSW, particularly Brass 5502 (BRI) collected Sep-Nov 1933, from Auga River, Mafulu, Central Division, and Brass 8229 (BRI, L), collected in October 1936, from Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Is- land, and they also match quite well with the typeof P. valetonii Bremek. (Dutch New Guinea, N.W. part, Gjellerup 168 (holo: L (1.v.); iso: K !)). These species are no doubt closely related to P. australiensis var. pubigera but specimens of them so far seen are too few to be sure of their relationship at this time.
P, platyclada auterb. et K. Schum. and P. yaletonii Bremek. are doubtfully distinct from each other and their relationship needs to be investigated. P. platyclada was described by Lauterbach and Schumann (1901) as a glabrous species. Valeton (1911) recognised a hairy va- riety of this species, viz P. platyclada vat.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
puberula Valeton, but Bremekamp (1934) in- cluded this variety in his new species P. valetonii Bremek. Since the only difference between the above two species appears to be the presence or absence of hairs, and since hairy and glabrous forms are present within many species of Pavetta, including P. brownii and P. australiensis, these species should possibly be recombined. How- ever, specimens of P. platyclada and P. valetonii available for this study are too few for a comparative study to be undertaken at this time.
Specimens of P. platyclada available for study (including Brass 5502 determined by Bremekamp as P. platyclada) have sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous leaves and finely hairy inflorescences. Some of them are not unlike some of the collections under P. australiensis var. pubigera, the latter is therefore probably referable to P. platyclada also, but more speci- mens are needed to be certain.
Etymology: The varietal epithet pubigera, from Latin pubi = softly or weakly hairy, -ger = bearing, refers to the finely hairy leaves and inflorescences. |
2. Pavetta granitica Bremek., Feddes Repert. 37:123 (1934). Type: Queensland. NortH KENNEDY District: Burdekin River, No- vember 1856, F. Mueller s.n. (holo: K !; iso: MEL (MEL 153307) !).
P. modesta Bremek., Feddes Repert. 47: 26 (1939). Type: Queensland. Cook Dts- TRICT: Between Petford and Boonmoo, 24 January 1931, CLE. Hubbard & CW. Wind- ers 6864A (holo: n.v.; iso: BRI !).
? P. indicavar. stenophylla Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 623 (1928). Type: ad fl. Gilbert River, Daintree crescit (n.v.).
[P. tomentosa auct. non Roxb. ex Smith: Bailey, Qd Agre. J. 22: 28 (1909). Speci- mens from Stannary Hills, leg. Bancroft].
[P. indica var. tomentosa auct. non (Roxb. ) Hook. f.: Domin, Bibhoth. Bot. 89: 624 (1928). Specimens from Stannary Hills, Lc. ].
29
Shrubs or small trees 1-5 m high, bark light grey, very flaky; branchlets, young parts, inflo- rescence axes and calyces + hoary with dense, + appressed or antrorsely curved short hairs; branchlets very pale grey or whitish, often snarled and with short internodes. Leaves crowded at tips of branchlets, narrowly elliptic, acute or attenuate at both ends, or lanceolate or oblanceolate, (3.8—)9.5—13.0(—16.5) x 0.8-2.5 (—3.2) cm, apex obtuse or subacute, rarely abruptly shortly acuminate and apiculate, mar- gins slightly recurved, base cuneate or acute, decurrent into the usually short petiole; + coriaceous (thick when dry); both surfaces hairy, very rarely subglabrous to glabrous, the hairs sparse short and slightly curved on upper sur- faces, but usually denser, longer, curved or slightly crispate and + appressed on lower sur- faces; upper surfaces sometimes gland-dotted, dark or yellow green, dries greyish brown; midrib very conspicuous, raised on lower sur- faces, often pale yellow when dry; lateral nerves very fine, 6-10 pairs, + arcuate; petioles 2—-10(-16) mm long, subterete, hairy; stipules united to below the middle and forming a short sheath, lobes broadly ovate, cuspidate, prom1- nently keeled, densely hairy on the outside with short, antrorsely curved, white hairs, and with dense long fine colleters inside (at base). Inflor- escence bearing flowering branchlets 3.5— 7.0(—14.5) cm long, covered with light grey or brownish, thin, flaky bark, inflorescences usu- ally much shorter than leaves, usually con- tracted with short branches, 2.5—5.0 x 3.5—7.5 cm; central branch with 1 or 2 internodes, these (2—)4—10 mm long; reduced leaves usually per- sistent at upper nodes; lateral branches with a usually flattened 5—15(—20) mm long internode, and 7—27-flowered corymbs; peduncles densely appressed hairy; connate bracts broadly ovate, membranous or with + scarious margins, appressed hairy on the outside, and with dense long colleters inside (at base), Pedicels usually unequal in length in acymule, 1-4 mm long Gin fruit 5-8 mm long), densely appressed hairy; calyx about 2 mm long, calyx tube densely tomentose, with slightly curved appressed hairs, calyx limb wider than tube, very thin, sparsely hairy, distinctly toothed; calyx lobes broadly ovate, 0.5—0.7 x 0.5 mm, not keeled; corolla tube slender, slightly dilated at throat, (8—)12- 14 mm long, about 1.5 mm wide at base and to
EXIVOR IAA
a oe eae eg ae nee
tt i ae La RNA MADSEN OS NE 1 mY comm i BM SE ASML AE AGI es A
30
2 mm wide at top, glabrous outside; corolla lobes 5.0-—6.0 x 1.5-2.0 mm, oblong-elliptic, obtuse; anthers 5—6 mm long; styles 2.5~—3.0cm long, glabrous. Fruits 7-9 x 8-10 mm; seeds depressed globose or ovoid, 4-6 x 4-6 mm. Fig. 2A.
Representative specimens: Queensland. Cook DISTRICT. Stannary Hills, date unknown, Bancroft 294 (BRI (AQ 125110)). Gilbert River, in 1894, * Johnson s.n. (WEL 150220); ditto, date unknown, Daintree s.n. (MEL 1537278); Etheridge River, date unknown, Armift 93 (MEL);** Quinkin Creek area ~ Laura River (15°3-’S, 144°3-’E), May 1975, Byrnes 3398 (BRI); Caterpillar Mountains, 31 km along Einasleigh road, off Mt Surprise- Georgetown road, Jan 1992, Forster 9655 (BRD); Near Six Mile Waterhole on Gibb’s Creek, about 15.5 km W of Irvinebank, Jan 1979, Lockyer 172 (BRI); Pannekin Springs area, 29 Km W of Mungana (17°07’S, 144°07’E), Jan 1993, Forster PIF 12980 (BRD; Between Pefford and Boonmoo, Jan 1931, Hubbard & Win-ders 6864 (BRD. NortH KENNEDY District: Charters Towers, Apr 1943, Blake 14900 (BRI, CANB); Near junction of Broughton and Burdekin Rivers, near Charters Towers, Jun 1931, Hubbard & Winders 6972 (BRD; ** Mount Bohle, 37 km SW of Charters Towers (20°16' S, 146°01’°B), Sep 1991, Thompson 266 & Dillewaard (BRI). Soura KENNeEpy Dis- TRIcT: 21.6km N of Mirtnahomestead (20°07’S, 146°11’B), May 1991, Neldner 3113 & Thompson (BRD. LEICHHARDT District: Cheswall Creek area, 3 km of Peak Downs up Wathung Road (22°15’S, 148°58’E), Aug 1990, Forster 7256 (BRI); ** Coxen Peak (22°12’S, 148°27°E), Aug 1990, Forster 7313 (BRI).
Distribution and habitat: North and central Queensland, from Stannary Hills to near Peak Downs; on granite, rocky outcrops and hill- sides, sandstone escarpments, also onriverbanks; on stony soil or among granite boulders; in open forests; altitudes 300-700 m. Map 4.
Diagnostic features: P. granitica 1s easily dis- tinguishable from all other Australian species by its narrow, usually hairy, mostly shortly petioled leaves with very conspicuous whitish midrib; by its short, compacted, hairy inflores- cences with short branches; by its shortly pedicelled flowers, distinctly toothed calyx, dense appressed hairs on calyx tube, and by its long corolla tubes.
Affinities: This species ts related to P. muelleri of which it has the hairy leaves, short unequal pedicels (in acymule), distinctly toothed calyx, and densely appressed hairy calyx tube, but
Austrobatleya 4(1); 21-49 (1993)
differs from the latter species by its narrow leaves and long corolla tubes. Some forms of P. rupicola with narrow leaves, short petioles, and short inflorescences have been confused with P granitica in the past, but P. rupicola may easily be distinguished by the hairs on the calyx tube, 1.c. the hairs are straight and patent in the latter species, and not appressed as in P. granitica, and alsoin P. rupicola the leaves are generally wider and dry a pale brown or yellowish brown.
Although most specimens of P. granitica seen in this study aretypically hairy, aform with glabrous or subglabrous leaves and inflores- cences, from sandstone areas, viz **Byrnes 3398; **Thompson 266 & Dillewaard; ** Forster 7313, is tentatively included under this species, because, although the specimens avail- able for study are either sterile or incomplete, the leaves resemble those of this species. How- ever, more collections (especially flowering specimens) of this form are necessary to be certain that these specimens are correctly placed.
The glabrous form can be confused with the narrow-leaved form of P. australiensis, but the latter species may be distinguished by its much thinner leaves which dries blackish or brownish, by its larger, open inflorescences, longer pedicels, and by its indistinctly toothed calyx.
Note: P. modesta Bremek. 1s synonymised under this species because its type is of the same taxon as thatof P. granitica Bremek. which also occurs in the type locality.
P, indica var. stenophylla Domin, is also probably referable to P. granitica and tenta- tively synonymised under this name. The type (only specimen cited in the protolog) of P. indica var. stenophylla Domin is missing. The only specimen from Gilbert River, collected by Daintree (MEL 1537278) available for study, agrees with Domin’s original description in its narrow lanceolate leaves, but the specimen is hairy, not glabrous as recorded in the protolog. This specimen, however, is a good match for other collections filed under P. granitica (in- cluding a collection from Gilbert River, viz *Johnson S.n.).
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
3. Pavetta muelleri Bremek., Feddes Repert. 37: 124 (1934). Type: Northern Terri- tory. Upper Victoria River, in 1856, F. Mueller s.n. (holo: K ! (specimen anno- tated ‘P. muelleri’ by Bremek.); iso: K !}; MEL (MEL1537164 !).
Tall shrubs or small spreading trees 1.5—8.0 m high; bark mid-grey to blackish, stringy or flaky; branchlets with short, spreading, minute, + antrorsely curved or appressed hairs towards their tips. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, narrowing at both ends, or slightly wider above middle and subobovate, and attenuating into the petiole, (5,.2—)10.0-16.5 x (2.2-)3.5-6.0 (-7.0) cm, apex obtuse, + rounded, rarely emarginate or abruptly shortly acuminate; base acute or subobtuse and abruptly narrowing and attenu- ate; both surfaces hairy or very rarely subglabrous, upper ones with sparse, short, slightly curved hairs, lower surfaces with dense to sparse long, + curved, fine white hairs (hairs on the midrib longer, shiny and appressed); + coriaceous; upper surfaces usually glossy, slightly resinous and obscurely gland-dotted; usually dries darker above, reddish brown with reddish nerves or occasionally pale brown with whitish nerves; midrib broad, flattened or slightly channelled on upper surface, usually dries red- dish-brown; nerves and reticulation very fine, lateral nerves 12—14 pairs, slightly oblique to subpatent, looping at margins; petioles (0.5—)1.0-2.5 cm long, flattened or channelled above. Stipules at apex of branchlets, ovate, long-acuminate, others briefly connate near base and forming a very short, oblique sheath, lobes broadly ovate, cuspidate, prominently keeled, densely white hairy on outside with long and short appressed hairs, and with fine long colleters on the inside (at base). Inflorescence bearing flowering branchlets (1.2—)5.0-10.5 cm long, covered with pale or greyish flaky bark; inflo- rescences 4,5—6.0 x 6.5—11.5 cm, open, usually branching from base with laxly corymbose branches, central branch with (1—)2 or 3 thick internodes, these 5—10mm long; reduced leaves usually persistent at all the nodes; lateral branches usually with a long, (6—)12~20 mm long, flattened internode, and 20—34-flowered corymbs; cymules long-stalked (stalks 8-12 mm long); connate bracts broadly ovate, cuspt- date, + membranous, densely hairy on the out-
31
side with shiny, long, white appressed hairs, and with long fine colleters on the inside (at base); peduncles densely hairy with curved appressed hairs. Pedicels usually unequal in length in a cymule, (0.5—)2.0-3.0(—7.0) mm long (in fruit 3-8 mm long), slender, densely hairy with + antrorsely curved hairs. Calyx 1.5-2.7 mm long, usually with a long, flared, conspicuously toothed limb, calyx tube densely tomentose with fine, white, slightly curly, usually appressed hairs, the hairs slightly sparser on the limb; limb wider than the tube, and one half to one third the length of the tube; calyx lobes 0.5-0.7 x 0.5—0.7 mm, broadly ovate, hairy or subglabrous on the outside; corolla tube slender, dilated towards mouth, (4—)7—-10 mm long, about 1.5 mm wide at base, 2—3 mm wide at top, glabrous or rarely pilose outside, corolla lobes some- times nearly as long as the tube, 5.0-6.5 x 2.0-3.0 mm, oblong-elliptic, obtuse; anthers 4,0-5.5 mm long, styles 2.5—3.7 mm long, gla- brous. Fruits 6-7 x 6-8 mm; seeds depressed globose, 3.0-4.0x 5.0-6.5 mm. Fig. 1B.
Representative specimens: Western Australia. Vicinity of Kimberley Research Station near Kununurra, 1969, Mackenzie 710209 (CANB), Northern Territory, Keep River National Park (15°40’S, 129°08’E), Feb 1988, Dunlop 5720 (DNA); 2km E of Victoria River, Dec 1988, Russell- Smith 6522 & Lucas (DNA); Gregory National Park, 4 km W of Victoria River bridge, Mar 1986, Thomson 1412 (DNA); Sea Range, Dec 1855, Mueller s.n. (MEL); Vicinity of El Sharana Mining Camp, Jan 1973, Martensz & Schodde AE 386 (BRI, DNA); N side of Mt Brockman, Feb 1973, Craven 2341 (BRI, CANB, DNA); *Oenpelli, Sep 1948, Specht 1045 (BRD.
Distribution and habitat: East Kimberley, Western Australia to Arnhem Land, Northern Territory; usually on sandstone plateau, out- crops, escarpments, hillsides and ridges. Map
Diagnostic features: P,. muelleriis distinguish- able by its mostly shortly petioled, usually hairy, elliptic or subobovate, obtuse, glossy leaves which dry brown or reddish brown with reddish brown or whitish, usually oblique lateral nerves; by its widely branched inflorescences with cymules on long stalks, usually short pedicels (which are mostly unequal in a cymule), and by its dense, + curly, usually appressed white hairs on the calyx, and also by its distinct calyx lobes.
32 Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
a 4
ey
VO it Weel. ,
ta > N
oe a pie? et ee
un, ie ee Sen hy
Fig. 1. A. Pavetta brownii var. brownit: A,. branchlet with flowers x 0.6, A,. calyx with pedicel x 4, A,. longitudinal section of corolla x 4. B. P. muelleri, B,. cymule x 2. B,. calyx x 4, A. Jessup 821. B. Russell-Smith 6522.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
Notes: P. muelleriis quite variable, especially in the colour of dried leaves, and length of pedicels and corolla tubes. Specimens from around Victoria River and Kununurra in West- ern Australia have elliptic-oblong or subobovate, mostly glossy leaves which dry brown with whitish nerves, or reddish brown with reddish nerves, and have alarge amount of lateral nerves, long pedicels and corolla tubes. Specimens from Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, viz El Sharana and Mt Brockman, have usually wider, shiny, elliptic leaves with fewer pairs of lateral nerves, densely white hairy connate bracts, shorter pedicels and usually smaller flowers (especially ones from hillsides and ridges). A collection from Oenpelli, viz Specht 1045, is tentatively included here, although it differs from other specimens in having moreor less glabrous leaves, because in other characters they are those of this species.
Affinities: P. muellerit resembles P. kimberleyana of which it has the calyx hairs and general aspect, but the latter species differs by its usually larger, less hairy leaves, longer peti- oles, pedicels and fruit stalks (see under this species).
P, muelleri had been confused with P. brownit in herbaria, mainly because specimens belonging to these species are often difficult to identify in the absence of fertile material. How- ever, P. brownii differs from this species by its mostly broader ((3.5—)4.5—9.2 cm wide), ellip- tic or elliptic-oblong leaves which usually dry blackish or infused with black, by its fewer lateral nerves (6-10 pairs), by its longer pedicels ((4.5—-)6.0-12.0 mm long (9-14 mm long in fruit)), minute calyx lobes, and straight, usually patent hairs on calyx tube.
4. Pavetta kimberleyana S.T. Reynolds sp. nov. P. muelleri Bremek. persimilis autem differt petiolis et pedicellis fructiferis multo longioribus (2-4-plo longioribus), foluis plerumque sparsim pubescentibus vel subglabris. Typus: Western Australia. Mitchell Plateau, un- named tributary of Mitchell River (14°45’S, 125°38’E), 8 December 1982, K.F. Kenneally 8678 (holo: BRI; 1so: PERTH).
33
[P. indica var. tomentosa auct. non (Roxb.) J.D. Hooker: Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 623 (1928). Specimens from Roebuck Bay, leg. Tepper}.
(P. brownii auct. non Bremek.: Koeh in Wheeler, Fl. Kimberley Region, 922 (1992)|
Shrubs or small trees 3-8 m high; bark silver grey, yellow-grey or greyish brown, stringy; young parts especially young leaves densely hairy with long white hairs; branchlets sparsely hairy at their tips with very fine short, slightly antrorsely curved or appressed hairs. Leaves broadly lanceolate or elliptic, rarely subobovate, (6.0-)8.5-25.0 x (2.5-)5.5-8.5 cm, apex ob- tuse or sometimes + rounded, rarely subacute, apiculate; base subacute or obtuse and abruptly attenuate and decurrent into the long petiole; + coriaceous; upper surfaces usually with a slight sheen, sparsely hairy with short, slightly curved hairs, soon glabrous, or hairy only on midrib; lower surfaces covered with dense (younger leaves) or sparse, fine, long, soft, curved or + crispate, usually + erect, white hairs (hairs longer on the midrib), or hairy only on the midrib and nerves, rarely with very small, hairy tufts in the axil of the main nerves; sometimes obscurely gland-dotted, dries pale brown, yel- low-brown or olive-brown with conspicuous whitish or pale yellow midrib and nerves; midrib broadly channelled towards the base on upper surface; lateral nerves very slender, 9—11(—13) pairs, slightly oblique, ascending at their tips, or + arcuate, sometimes impressed above, reticu- late venation as fine as the nerves; petioles (1.2—)2.4—3.5 cm long, flattened or channelled above, finely hairy with short, appressed hairs, or glabrous; stipules at tips of branchlets usually globose-ovoid, with a long curved acumen at apex, others usually squat, united to about mid- dle and forming an oblique sheath, lobes ob- liquely ovate, long-cuspidate, prominently keeled (the keel usually darker and brownish), densely white hairy on the outside with very short, antrorsely curved or + appressed hairs, or + glabrous. Inflorescence bearing flowering branchlets 1—3(—6) cm long, covered with thin pale grey flaky bark; inflorescences 4.5—8.5 x 9,0-14.5 cm, very open and laxly corymbose, usually with long lateral branches; central branch
ROE «
See
Termine aN es
ste te oe cn A a ANNE eT LIE HELE LEH I HT NEE TE ESE ENE a eR,
34
with (1) 2 or 3 internodes, these (6—)12—17 mm long; reduced leaves usually persistent at nodes; lateral branches with long flattened internodes 10-27 mm long, and 13—24-flowered corymbs; cymules long stalked (stalks about 2.5 cm long); connate bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, usually thin and scarious, with dense white appressed hairs on the outside, and with long fine colleters inside (at base); peduncles appressed hairy with curved hairs. Pedicels (2.5-—)3.5—4.5(—10.0) mm long, in fruit (7-)10-20 mm long, finely hairy with short, antrorsely curved or + appressed hairs; calyx 2.0-2.5 mm long, with slightly flared pale thin limb and distinct lobes; calyx tube usually with moderately sparse, short, very slightly curved, white, appressed hairs on out- side, the hairs sparser on the limb; calyx lobes 0.5—1.25 x 0.5-1.25 mm, broadly ovate, ob- tuse; corollatube slender, dilated towards mouth, 9—-11(—15) mm long, 1.5—2.5 mm wide at top, glabrous outside, pilose at throat; corolla lobes nearly half as long as the tube, 5.5—7.0 x 2.0-3.0 mm, elliptic-oblong, obtuse; anthers 5.5—6.5 mm long; filaments about 1.5 mm long; styles 2.0—3.2 cm long, glabrous. Fruit 6.0-6.5 x 6.0-7.5 mm, puberulous or glabrous; seeds subglobose, 3.5—5.0 x 5.0-5.5 mm.
Representative specimens: Western Australia, Mitchell Plateau, Camp Creek, approx. 1.5 km S of CRA Mining Camp (14°49’S, 125°50°E), Jan [982, Kenneally 7945 (PERTH); Mitchell Plateau, Lone Dingo, Feb 1979, Beard 8478 (BRI, PERTH); Augustus Island, Bonaparte Archi- pelago (15°25’S, 124°35’E), May 1972, Wilson s.n. (PERTH); West Kimberley, gorge of unnamed creek running E of Sale River, 30 km ESE of mouth (16°02’S, 124°46’E), May 1986, Kenneally 9634 (BRI, CANB); * Cygnet Bay, date unknown, Cunningham 91 (BM); ** Roebuck Bay, in 1889, Tepper 61 (MEL 1553916); ditto, in 1890, Teppers.n. (MEL 1553958); Between Wonganut Springs and Beagle Bay Rd, N of Broome (17°25’S, [22°20’E), Jan 1984, Willing 112 (PERTH).
Distribution and habitat: Kimberley region, Western Australia,chiefly coastal from Mitchell Plateau to near Broome, also on offshore is- lands; usually in vine thickets, behind coastal dunes, along creeks, rivers, and near sandstone outcrops and sandstone scarps. Map §.
Diagnostic features: P. kimberleyanais distin- guished by its long petioles, long pedicels espe- cially those of fruits, appressed hairy calyx tube, and its sparsely hairy to subglabrous leaves which usually dry pale brown, yellowish brown to olive-brown with usually whitish nerves.
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
Notes: This species varies in its leaves, hairi- ness and in the size of calyx and corolla lobes. Two or three rather distinct forms are recognis- able as indicated below, but the forms are not formally named here, because, with the excep- tion of the typical form, the other forms are poorly represented (by two or three collec- tions), or represented by incomplete material to be certain that their differences are consistent. The typical form occurs at Mitchell Plateau, it has usually large, sparsely hairy to + glabrous leaves which are hairy (sparsely hairy) only on midribs, laxly corymbose inflorescences, and moderately long corolla tubes (9-11 mm long). Whereas the form from around Broome, has larger, many-flowered inflorescences, very thin, + glabrous calyx, and longer corolla tubes ((10-)12—15 mm) long. Specimens from around Cygnet Bay ditfer from the above forms in their rather distinctive long calyx lobes (about 1.25 mim long) but specimens seen of this taxon are too poor (old specimens) to judge if this charac- ter is consistent. Specimens from offshore is- lands (only fruiting specimens seen) usually have hairier leaves and short compact inflores- cences.
Affinities: P. kimberleyanais comparable to P. muelleri Bremek. of which it has the general aspect, rather similar leaves and calyx hairs, but the latter species differs by its shorter petioles (0.5—2.5 cm long), shorter pedicels especially those of fruits (3-8 mm long), by its usually hairier, elliptic-oblong or subobovate leaves with glossy usually resinous upper surfaces, by its greater number of lateral nerves (12-14 pairs), and by its denser, longer, + curly, white appressed hairs on the calyx tube (and usually calyx limb as well).
Note: * Cunningham’s collection from Cygnet Bay, Western Australia, was cited under P. brownii Bremek. by Bremekamp (1934), and ** Tepper’s collections from Roebuck Bay, was cited under P. indica var. tomentosa by Domin. The former species as circumscribed here, does not occur in Western Australia, while the latter name is misapplied (as indicated above).
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the region where this species occurs, i.e. the Kim- berley Region of Western Australia.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
5, Pavetta brownii Bremek., Feddes Repert. 37: 125 (1934). Type: Queensland. Cook District: Carpentaria, Coen River, 6
November 1802, R. Brown 3449 p.p.
(lecto (here designated): BM).
[Zxora tomentosa auct. non Roxb.: Benth., FI, austral.3:414 (1867): Ewart & Davies, Fl Northern Territory, 258 (1917) |.
[Pavetta tomentosa auct. non Roxb. ex Smith: F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 182 (1875): Bailey, Comprehensive Cat. Qd Pl. 245 (19Q9) ].
Shrubs or small trees 1-5 m high; bark usually grey and stringy; branchlets with fine, short, slightly antrorsely curved or spreading hairs, rarely glabrous. Leaves elliptic or oblong- elliptic, rarely + obovate, (7.5—)9.0-15.5(—21.0) x (3.5—)4.5-8.0(-9.2) cm, apex obtuse or subacute, rarely + rounded or abruptly shortly acuminate, base obtuse and abruptly attenuate into the petiole, or subacute, occasionally + truncate and abruptly attenuate; usually slightly coriaceous; both surfaces hairy or glabrous, the hairs on upper surfaces sparse, short, + rigid, curved, those on lower ones dense or sparse, fine, mostly erect (appressed on the midrib), occasionally the upper surface glabrous and only the midrib of the lower surface hairy; usually obscurely gland-dotted; dries brown or blackish (usually younger leaves) or infused with black (especially midrib and nerves); midrib broad, flattened, channelled towards base on upper surfaces, raised below; lateral nerves 8-10 pairs, patent or sometimes + oblique; finely reticulate-veined; petioles 0.8—1.7(—2.2) cm long (to 3 cm long in one collection), hatry or glabrous. Stipules 5~7 mm long, united to about middle and forming a short sheath, slightly truncate, or with ovate, cuspidate, prominently keeled lobes, dries pale brown with thin pale margins, glabrous, or hairy outside with fine long appressed hairs, and with dense long colleters on the inside (at base). Inflorescence bearing branchlets 4.0-14.5 cm long, covered with pale grey or brown flaky bark; inflores- cences 5.0—7.5 x 7.5—10.0.cm, laxly corymbose, usually dries infused with black or blackish, central branch with | or 2(3) internodes, these
35
5—15(—30) mm long, with or without reduced leaves atnodes; lateral branches with (6—-)11—20 mm long internode, and (7—)12—24-flowered corymbs; peduncles glabrous or sparsely hairy with straight, spreading, or slightly antrorsely curved or + appressed hairs; connate bracts broadly ovate, squat, + very thin, glabrous, or hairy with fine, shiny, white, dense appressed hairs on outside, and with dense long colleters on the inside (at base). Pedicels (4.5—)6.0-12.0 mim long (in fruit (9—)12—14 mm long), spread- ing to + appressed hairy or glabrous; calyx with slightly flared, indistinctly toothed, paler, + membranous limb, 1.5—2.5 x 1.5—2.0 mm, gla- brous or with dense, very fine, white, shiny, straight or slightly curved, spreading some- times reflexed, or + appressed hairs on the calyx tube and sparser hairs on the calyx limb; calyx lobes minute, 0.3-0.5 mm long, + triangu- lar or narrowly ovate to subulate, apiculate, keeled; corolla (obtuse in bud) mostly dries blackish or infused with black or pale, tube slightly dilated towards the mouth, 6-9(-11) mm long, about 1 mm wide at base and to 2.5 mm wide at top, glabrous outside, pilose at throat; corolla lobes one third to half the length of the tube, 4.5-6.0 x 1.5—2.0(—3.0) mm, ob- long-elliptic, obtuse, usually infused with black; anthers 4-6 mm long; filaments 0.5—2.0 mm long; styles 2~3 cm long, puberulous or gla- brous, stigma glabrous or pilose. Fruits 6.0-8.0 x 6.0-7.5 mm, glabrous; seeds subglobose, 4.0-7.0 x 5.0-7.5 mm.
Diagnostic features: P. brownii may be distin- guished from related species by its broadly elliptic, elliptic-oblong or subobovate, usually obtuse or subacute, hairy or glabrous leaves, few pairs of usually patent lateral nerves, by its many-flowered corymbs, and by its dense straight, patent or + appressed hairs on the calyx tube, and also by its minute keeled calyx lobes. The leaves and inflorescence of this species tend to dry blackish in the herbarium.
This species is extremely variable, espe- cially in leaf and inflorescence size, degree of hairiness, nature of hairs on the calyx tube and in the colour of dried leaves and inflorescences. Two varieties are distinguished as follows. _
HMM Ma MN LEASE SME oA EM es a A He MP ae eC a ra Ca tat a Er oe arm ae
36 Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
Fig. 2. A. Pavetta granitica: A,. branchlet with flowers x 1. A,. part of inflorescence x 1. A,. calyx with pedicel x 4. A,. fruit x 4. A,. dorsal view of seed x 4. A,. ventral view of seed x 4, B. P. tenella: B,. branchlet with flowers x 0.6. B,. part of inflorescence x 2. B,. calyx with pedicel x 4. A, ,. unknowncollector (MEL 1553966). A, ,. Cumming 9603. B, ,. Forster 6082.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta 37 1. Leaves, branchlets and inflorescence hairy, the hairs on the leaves
covering both surfaces or restricted to the midrib. .......... 0... eee var. brownil Leaves, branchlets and inflorescence glabrous, rarely with a few
scattered hairs on inflorescence axes and calyx. .. 0.0... cee eee var. glabrata
P. brownii Bremek. var. brownii
P. brownii var pubescens Bremek. l.c. 125. Type: Carpentaria, December 1802, R. Brown 3449 p.p. (holo: K !; iso: BM !). (annotated by Bremekamp as type P. brownli var. pubescens, and by Brown as ‘Pavetta mollis’ )
P. brownii var. glabra Bremek. lI.c. 125. Type: Carpentaria, Dec 1802, R. Brown 3451 p.p. (holo: K !).
P. insulana Bremek., Feddes Repert. 37: 124 (1934). Type: Queensland. Coox District: Thursday Island, Torres Strait, Jaheri 250b holo: L!).
P. indica var. obovata Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 623 (1929). Type: North Australia: Carpentaria, R. Brown Iter Australiense, 1802-1805, Brown [3451, p.p.] als Ixora obovata Brown ms. (holo:K!; 1so:BM!, CANB!).
| P. tomentosa auct. non Roxb. ex Smith: F. Muell., 1. c. 182: Bailey, 1. c. 245].
[Ixora tomentosa auct. non Roxb.: Benth., Lc. 414].
Distinguishing characters are as indicated in the key above. The leaves are hairy on both sur- faces, occasionally + glabrous with only the nerves and midrib hairy, but the inflorescence is mostly densely hairy. Fig. 1A.
Representative specimens: Queensland and Northern Territory. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Dec 1802, Brown 3449 p.p. (BM, K, CANB) (specimens labelled Carpentaria, and annotated ‘Pavefta mollis’ or ‘Ixora obovata’ by Brown at K and BM, and labelled North Coast at CANB). Northern Territory. Bremer Island, NEArmhem Land, Nov 1986, Wightman 4827 & Jackson (DNA); Gove Peninsula, Port Bradshaw, Oct 1983, Wightman 750 (CANB, DNA); ditto, 3 km NE of Port Bradshaw, Feb 1988, Russell-Smith 4680 & Lucas (BRI); Groote Eylandt, Mamalimandja Point, Jul 1987, Russell-Smith 2803 & Lucas (DNA); E side of South East Island, Sir Edward Pellew Group, Feb 1976, Craven 3808 (CANB); SE of Calvert River mouth (16°26’S, 137°52’B), Jan 1989, Brock
432 (DNA); Donydji, Arnhem Land, Jun 1990, Dunlop 8666 & White (BRD; NE Arnhem Land, Garadandabol Bay (12°26’S, 136°18’E), Feb 1988, Russell-Smith 4760 & Lucas (BRI). Queensland. Cook Districr: Thursday Island, Jul 1974, Heatwole & Cameron 59 (QRS); ditto, May 1906, Tafes.n. (BRI); Badu Island, Jun 1979, Garnett 98 (BRI); Coen River, Nov 1802, Brown 3449 p.p. (BM); Pine River basin, southern end near mouth, Feb 1981, Morton 1112 (BRI, QRS); Weipa, Evan’s Landing road to Lake Patricia, Nov 1986, Jessup 821 (BRD; ditto, Lake McLeod (12°19’S, 141°51’E), Mar 1990, Forster PIF 6467 & O'Reilly (BRI); Silver Plains - Goanna Creek road, Nov 1956, Webb 3192 (BRI); Mapoon, May 1911, Bick 119 (BRD.
Distribution and habitat: Northern Australia, from eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, along the Gulf of Carpentaria especially on offshore islands to Cape York Peninsula, Queensland; usually in coastal scrubs, on sand dunes. Map 2.
Notes: P. browniti var. brownti consists of two or three rather distinct forms which differ espe- cially in the nature of hairs on the calyx, in the leaves and in the colour of dried leaves and inflorescences in the herbarium. However, these forms are not formally named here, because they are poorly known, poorly represented, or represented by inadequate material, and there- fore difficult to ascertain 1f their distinguishing features are consistent.
The majority of specimens from Queens- land, viz Weipa, Mapoon, Silver Plains, and collections from eastern Arnhem Land, North- ern Territory, viz Gove Peninsula and Groote Bylandt, and also collections from along the Gulf of Carpentaria, are typical. They resemble Brown 3449 p.p. from Coen River, and some of the specimens of Brown 3449 p.p. from the islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in their hairy leaves which dry brown or blackish or with blackish nerves, and patent straight hairs on the calyx tube. However, the majority of specimens from Northern Territory, especially those from offshore islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, differ in having slightly antrorsely curved to +
<< tt tt tw Wl el NNN OU Be mmm cement a Ba Kalan ie A ie TE ese Ose ee ee eS see ee eee eee ee et ee eee Mr ere i ae BB Bee Bo TAL aces
38
appressed hairs on the calyx tube, and are not unlike the remainder of specimens of Brown 3449 p.p. from the Gulf of Carpentaria. Speci- mens from Torres Strait islands previously known as P. insulana, though, have sparsely hairy leaves (usually with hairs only on the midrib of lower surfaces) which dry brownish with usually whitish nerves, have very fine, short, usually + appressed hairs on the calyx tube, and mostly shorter corolla tubes.
Note: The two varieties recognised by Bremekamp (1934), viz P. brownii var. pubescens Bremek., and P. brownii var. glabra Bremek. are reduced under P. brownii var. brownii, because the types of these varietal combinations are of the same taxon as that of the typical variety (see typification). Specimens previously identified as P. brownii var. glabra are now included under P. brownii var. glabrata.
P. brownii var. glabrata S.T. Reynolds var. noy. a P. brownit Bremek. var. brownii ramulis foluis pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque glabris vel glabratis differt. Typus:Queensland. Cook Drstrict: Dauan Island, Torres Strait, 10 Septem- ber 1971, M. Lawrie s.n.(holo : BRI (AQ3897)).
Distinguishing characters are as indicated in the key above. This variety is poorly represented, it has elliptic or + obovate leaves which are broad, obtuse or + rounded at apex, and are usually shorter than in the typical variety.
Specimens examined: Northern Territory. Gove Penin- sula, Jul 1987, Russell-Smith 2948, and Lucas (BRI). Queensland. Cook Distrricr: Dauan Island, Torres Strait, Sep 1971, Lawrie s.n. (BRD; Cape York, date unknown, Daemel s.n.(BM); Rex Lookout, Cook Highway (16°—’S, 145°—’B), Jan 1978, Winkel s.n. (BRD. Burke District: * Pisonia Island (island ‘e’), Dec 1802, Brown 3451 p.p. (BM); * Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Dec. 1802, Brown 3451 p.p. (BM, NSW (NSW 193879)).
* ‘These specimens appear to be from the same collection. The specimens at BM are determined P. brownii var. glabra by Bremekamp in 1932 (the latter collection was annotated by him as type of this varietal name), and annotated by Brown as ‘ P. glabrata’ ms. The specimen at NSW (ex Herb. BM) is la- belled “Ixora obovata’ ms, North Coast (not
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
Brown’s handwriting), in addition to the BM label.
Distribution and habitat: As in the typical variety. Map 3.
Diagnostic features: P. brownii var. glabrata can be confused with some of the forms of of P. australiensis var. australiensis, but the latter may be distinguished by its generally thinner (usually very thin when dry), elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate leaves with acuminate, acute or subobtuse apex, by its fewer lateral nerves (6-9(—12) pairs), and by its longer corolla tube ((7—)12-17 mm long).
Etymology: The varietal epithet glabrata, from Latin glabratus = nearly glabrous, refers to the glabrous or nearly glabrous leaves and inflores- cences of this variety.
Typification of P. brownit: There has been much confusion regarding specimens numbered Brown 3449 and 3451 which Bremekamp (1934) had nominated as types of the two varietal combinations under P. brownti Bremek. This is because similar looking specimens had been given different numbers, viz Brown 3449 or 3451, and also because the nominated type of P. brownit var. glabra Bremek. was found to be of the typical variety.
The nominated type of P. brownii var. pubescens Bremek., viz Brown 3449 (K) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, is hairy and agrees with Bremekamp’s original description attached to the varietal name. It also matches specimens with the same number at BM. However, the nominated type of P. brownii var. glabra Bremek., viz Brown 3451 p.p. (K), also from the Gulf of Carpentaria, is hairy as well and does not agree with his protolog to the varietal name, nor does it match specimens of Brown 3451 at BM, which are glabrous or nearly so (i.e. glabrous or subglabrous leaves, and glabrous or hairy inflo- rescences).
The nominated type of P. browntii var. glabra at K, however, matches the other dupli- cate of Brown 3451 at K which was cited by Bremekamp under P. brownti var. pubescens. It also matches Brown 3449 (K), the nominated type of P. brownti var. pubescens, and other
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
specimens of Brown 3449 at BM including the collection from Coen River.
Although in 1932 Bremekamp selected and annotated the BM sheets of Brown 3449 and 3451 as types of P. brownii and its varieties, in 1934 when he wrote up his revision, he nominated only the K sheets as types and did not cite any BMspecimens. He didnot formally cite a type for the name P. brownii although tn 1932 he annotated the specimen from Coen River, Brown 3449 at BM, as ‘type P. brownii’. This specimen is now selected as lectotype of this name.
P. brownii var. pubescens Bremek. is here synonymised under P. brownti var. brownit, because the nominated type of P. brownii var. pubescens Bremek. Brown 3449 p.p. (K, BM) from Gulf of Carpentaria, is the same taxon as Brown 3449 (BM) from Coen River, which Bremekamp had in 1932 annotated as “type P. brownii’. Bremekamp (1934) also cited hairy taxa under the name P. brownii, and his inten- tions with regards to the typical variety are quite apparent.
Because the nominated type of P. brownii var. glabra Bremek. is a hairy specimen which does not agree with Bremekamp’s protolog of P. brownii var. glabra, but agrees with the type of P. brownti var. brownti, the former name 1s here reduced to synonymy under the typical variety. Bremekamp did not cite any other specimen under P. brownii var. glabra. Speci- mens previously under that varietal name are now placed under P. browntt var. glabrata.
The sheets at K and BM are not numbered, and in most cases several specimens, sometimes of different taxa, or from mixed gatherings, are mounted together on the same sheet. Therefore, detailed information on the labels attached to the specimens, including annotations made by Brown and Bremekamp, is reproduced here to identify the types. The exact collecting locali- ties of most of the specimens of Brown 3449 and 3451 are not known. Whether or not similar looking specimens mounted on the same sheet or on different sheets, came from the same collection is also not known. Most specimens or sheets of Brown 3449 and 3451 are labelled ‘Carpentaria’ or ‘islands of the Gulf of
39
Carpentaria’. A few specimens at BM have exact collecting locality details associated with them. Brown 3449 p.p. at BM is labelled ‘Coen River’, while others with the same number at BM and K are labelled ‘Carpentaria’ or ‘Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria’. Sheets or specimens of Brown 3451 at K (hairy specimens) are labelled “Carpentaria’, while others of Brown 3451 at BM (specimens with glabrous leaves with glabrous or hairy inflorescences) are la- belled ‘island e’ (Pisonia Island), or ‘insula varia (islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria), viz islands “f’ (one of the Bountiful Islands.), ‘o’ ( North East Island), ‘g’ (Vanderlin Island), ‘h’ (North Island, Sir Edward Pellew Group). Whether the specimens mounted on the one sheet, or on different sheets came from the one island or from different islands, or whether they came from a single or several collections, can- not be determined from the labels attached to these sheets.
P. brownitand P. insulanacomplex: P. brownti Bremek. and P. insulana Bremek. are treated here as being conspecific because specimens which have been referred to either species re- semble each other especially in their general aspect, leaves, inflorescences, calyx lobes and length of corolla tubes. Consequently, difficul- ties were experienced in trying to delimit these Species.
Bremekamp, who described both species (1934), used the number of internodes of the central branch of the inflorescence to distin- guish the species, but he saw only the type of P. insulana, and afew specimens of P. brownii. As more specimens became available, this distin- guishing character was found to be very vari- able and therefore unreliable to separate the two species.
The types of both species names at first sight appear to be quite different. For example, type material of P. brownii Bremek. (flowering and fruiting specimens) have straight spreading or slightly antrorsely curved to + appressed hairs on the calyx tube, and leaves and inflores- cences usually dry blackish, whereas the type of P. insulana Bremek. (fruiting specimen) has very short + appressed hairs on the persistent calyx tube, and leaves which dry brownish.
Naat FN At LE DEEL BENNO NOLAN NN A CEE EN NIN STEN GEE RM LANE MEN IEEE BOLE ENTE EY
A0
However, intermediate forms of both these taxa are now known, and specimens from the type localities (Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait) were found to vary in the calyx hairs and in the colour of dried leaves, even 1n specimens col- lected from the same locality. The species are therefore treated here as being conspecific. Though the names are of equal date, P. insulana Bremek. is here synonymised under the more widely known P. brownii Bremek., which is treated here as a name applicable to a very variable species.
6. Pavetta rupicola 8.T. Reynolds sp. nov. primo adspectu P. brownii Bremek. et P. graniticae Bremek. persimilis; a P. brownii foliis plerumque angustioribus, nunquam siccitate nigrescentibus, petiolis pedicellisque brevioribus, et corollo tubo longiore (8-16 mm longo) differt; a P. graniticae propter pilos strictos patuios in foliis calycibusque et foltis plerumque latioribus ((1.5—)2.7—5.5 cm latis) haud aegre distinguitur. Typus: Queensland. BurkE District: Adel’s Grove via Camooweal, 17 February 1947, A. de Lestang 309 (holo: BRI).
Shrubs to 2.5 m high; bark grey, flaky; young parts especially young leaves densely hairy; branchlets, leaves and inflorescence axes usu- ally densely hairy with slightly patent hairs. Leaves elliptic, + oblanceolate or subobovate, (5.5—)10.0-13.5 x (1.5-)2.7-5.5 cm, apex subacute or obtuse, base obtuse or subacute; +coriaceous; both surfaces finely hairy, upper ones with sparse fine hairs, lower ones usually densely hairy with fine, + erect white hairs; dries yellow-brown or pale brown with pale or dark nerves; lateral nerves 6-10 pairs, slightly ob- lique or arcuate; petioles 5-10 mm long, densely hairy. Stipules at tips of branchlets ovate or triangular with along acumen, others connate to above middle, forming a short sheath and with small subulate aristate lobes, or lobes ovate, cuspidate or long aristate, prominently keeled, densely hairy on the outside with shiny, white, + appressed hairs. Inflorescence bearing branchlets (1.5—)4.0-10.5 cm long, covered with very pale greyish white, thin, very flaky or stringy bark, inflorescences usually with con- tracted branches, laxly corymbose, 2.5-4.0 x 4.0-6.0 cm; central branch with one internode,
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
(3—)5~—7 mm long, reduced leaves usually per- sistent at nodes: lateral branches with 5—11 mm long internode, and 9~14-flower-ed corymbs; peduncles densely patent hairy; connate bracts broadly ovate, velvety outside. Pedicels 2-4 mm long (Gn fruits 3.0-6.5 mm long), densely patent hairy; calyx slightly flared at the limb and distinctly toothed, 2-3 mm long, calyx tube densely hairy with short straight patent hairs; calyx lobes 0.5—1.0 mm long, ovate, apiculate, keeled; corolla tube slender, dilated at throat, 8—16 mm long, about 1 mm wide at base and to 1.5 mm wide at top; corolla lobes (4-)6—7 x 2 mm, + elliptic, obtuse; anthers 4-5 mm long; styles 2.5—3.2 cm long, glabrous, stigma pilose. Fruits 6—7 x 7-8 mm; seeds subglobose, about 4x4mm.
Specimens examined; * Northern Territory, Mittiebah Station (18°40’S, 137°15’E), rocky surrounds of Mitchiebo waterhole, Mar 1981, Henshall 3462 (DNA); Border Creek area (18°19’S, 138°00’E), Jan 1989, Russell-Smith 6944 & Lucas (DNA), Queensland. Burxe District: Lawn Hill National Park, May 1989, O’ Keefe s.n. (BRD; Adel’s Grove via Camooweal, date unknown de Lestang 405 (BRI); Magazine Hill, 9.75 km N of Silver Star Mine (18°40’S, 138°30’E), Apr 1971, Jones s.n. (BRD; 9 miles (14.4 km) S of Riversleigh Station, Jun 1948, Perry 1448 (BRI); Lake Corella, Mary Kathieen, Jan 1958, Lavery 118 (BRI, CANB); Head of Brown’s Creek (20°59’S, 139°25’B), Aug 1989, Innis 142 (BRD.
* Northern Territory specimens (fruiting) are tentatively included here because the leaves approach those of this species. Flowering mate- rial needs to be seen to be certain.
Distribution and habitat: Northwest Queens- land to Barkly Tableland, Northern Territory; usually inrocky areas (rocky outcrops, hillsides and gorges). Map 5.
Diagnostic features: P. rupicolais distinguish- able by its usually narrow, hairy, shortly petioled leaves, hairy inflorescences, and by its dense spreading white hairs of the calyx and pedicels.
Affinities: P. rupicola is at first sight very similar to P. brownti Bremek. and P. granitica Bremek., but differs from the former by its usually narrower leaves which dry pale or dark brown, shorter petioles and pedicels, and usu- ally longer corolla tubes. It can be distinguished without difficulty from P. granitica by its usu- ally broader leaves ((1.5—)2.7—5.5 cm wide), and straight spreading hairs on the calyx tube.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
Etymology: The specific epithet rupicola, from Latin rupes =rock, -cola = dweller, refers to the rocky habitat where this species usually grows.
7. Pavetta tenella S.T. Reynolds sp. nov. P. moluccanae Bremek. aemulans differt folius plerumque grandioribus latioribus, petiolis pedicellisque longioribus et plerumaue pilis patentibus in calycibus. Typus: Northern Territory. Melville Is- land, Takamprimili Creek, Pickertarmoor, (11°45’S, 130°53’B), 24 Nov 1989, P.J. Forster 6082 (holo: BRT; iso: BRD).
Shrubs or small trees 3-8 m high, bark light orey, fairly smooth; young parts especially young leaves, usually densely white hairy. Leaves el- liptic, usually abruptly narrow at both ends, (12.0-)17.0-24.5 x ( 4.7—-)5.5-10.0 cm, apex obtuse or abruptly shortly acuminate, base ob- tuse usually abruptly attenuate into the long petiole, or subacute; texture thin to+coriaceous; both surfaces sparsely hairy, or upper ones soon glabrous or with a few hairs on the midrib only; lower ones with sparse, fine, short, + erect hairs, or hairy only on the midrib; usually dries pale brown or pale olive-brown, very rarely infused with black; midrib prominent, broadly chan- nelled towards the base on upper surface; lateral nerves 9-12 pairs, slender, slightly oblique or + patent; reticulate venation very fine; petioles (1.6-)2.7-4.0 cm. Stipules connate to above middle and forming a short sheath, lobes broadly ovate, long cuspidate, prominently keeled, densely sericeous on the outside with usually short hairs or subglabrous, and with fine long colleters inside (at base). Inflorescence bearing branchlets (4.0-)6.5-18.5 cm long, covered with smooth, flaky, grey to brownish bark; inflorescences usually clustered at tips of long branchlets, 4.5—10.0 x 6.0-8.0 cm, usually very open with long branches, laxly corymbose, dries very pale brown, rarely blackish; central branch with 1 or 2 internodes, these (5—)8—27 mm long, reduced leaves often persistent at the nodes; lateral branches with 1, or rarely 2 internodes, these (6—)20-40 mm long; corymbs (lateral branch) 14—-37-flowered; peduncles sparsely hairy with short, patent or sometimes + appressed hairs; connate bracts 7-11 x 8-14 mm, ovate, dries very pale brown, + membranous, usually densely sericeous on the outside, and with long
4]
fine colleters inside (at base). Pedicels (8-)10-—13 mm long (in fruit (10-)12—15 mm long), slen- der, densely patent hairy (hairsrarely appressed); calyx 2.0-2.5 mm long, calyx tube densely hairy with very fine, short, straight, spreading or occasionally appressed hairs, limb about one third the length of the tube, wider than tube, sparsely hairy, distinctly toothed; calyx lobes Q.75—1.0 x 1.0 mm, ovate; corolla tube slender, dilated towards throat, (8—)10-13 mm long, about 1.5 wide at base, 2 mm wide at the top, glabrous outside, pilose at throat; corolla lobes 5.5-6.5 «x 2.0-3.0 mm, + elliptic, obtuse or abruptly acute and apiculate; anthers 5.5—6.0 mm long; styles 2.7—3.3 cm long, glabrous or pilose towards the apex. Fruits5 .0-6.5 x4.5—7.0 mm; seeds subglobose, 4.0-4.5 x 4-5 mm. Fig. 2B.
Representative specimens: Northern Territory. Melville Island, Jump-up Jungle, Nov 1983, Wightman 946 & Dunlop (CANB, DNA); ditto, Pickertarmoor, Nov 1989, Russell-Smith 8137 & Peth(BRI, DNA); *6kmS Brogden Point, Murgenella (1 1°34’S, 133°04’B), Mar 1987, Russell- Smith 1990 & Lucas (DNA); * 3 km N of Magela Creek Crossing, Kakadu National Park (12°33’S, 132°34’B), Jan 1984, Russell-Smith 1001 (DNA)
Distribution and habitat: Melville Island and * along the north coast of Arnhem Land, North- ern Territory; at edge of rainforests and in vine thickets along the coast, along springs and creeks, and on sandstone. Map 4.
Note: Collections from the Australian main- land marked * are tentatively included here, because, although the specimens are in young fruit or sterile, the leaves on them resemble those from Melvilie Island. Other unplaced collections from surrounding areas (including Pavetta sp. 1 from Cannon Hill, Northern Ter- ritory), are also probably of this taxon, but the specimens available for study are either incom- plete or sterile, making their placement unsure.
Diagnostic features: P. tenella may be distin- guished, by itsusually large, mostly subglabrous, thin, elliptic leaves which are abruptly narrow at both ends, long petioles, and by its usually delicate looking inflorescences with long slen- der branches and + filiform pedicels, and also by its very short straight spreading (occasionally appressed), very fine, whitish or very pale yel- lowish hairs on the calyx and pedicels.
SRP RS AS ST HE BOT
<a A et at ata ale ba AMOR Untneancemncenoemsommmmumemmaonmimencmimiy many Wain 4 mutes mmm MANN al itl dG Cet A
42
Affinities: P, tenella is probably most closely related to P. moluccana Bremek. from Timor, and P. brownii Bremek. in Australia, with which it shares similar leaves and general aspect. It differs from both by its larger, moderately thin leaves, longer petioles, larger inflorescences, and usually longer pedicels. The type of P. moluccana at L and specimens of that species available for study differ from P. tenella in having consistently fine appressed hairs on the calyx, minute calyx lobes, shorter pedicels (4-8 mm long), shorter petioles (1.5—2.3 cm long) and narrower leaves (3.0-6.2 cm wide). P. tenella resembles P. brownii in its calyx hairs and long slender pedicels, but differs from the latter species by its usually larger, mostly + glabrous, thinly textured elliptic leaves which are abruptly narrowed at both ends, long peti- oles, and long pedicels of flowers and fruits. In P. brownii the leaves are usually hairier, ellip- tic, elliptic-oblong or subobovate, the petioles are 0.8—2.2 cm long, the calyx is indistinctly toothed, and the hairs on the calyx tube are longer.
Etymology: The specific epithet tenella, from Latin tennellus = delicate, refers to delicate appearance of the large inflorescence with flow- ers on very slender long pedicels.
8. Pavetta speciosa S.T. Reynolds sp. nov. P. brownii Bremek. adspectu maxime similis, praecipue differt corollarum tubo longiore ((9-)12-16 mm longo) pilosos et pilis antrorsis leviter curvatis in calycibus. Typus: Northern Territory. Kalpalga (12°3-’S, 132°2-’E), 14 December 1976, R. Collins B.C. 146 (holo: BRI; iso: DNA).
Shrubs or small trees 1.5—5.0 m high; bark pale greyish brown; branchlets with minute spread- ing hairs towards their tips. Leaves obovate to elliptic-obovate, or elliptic, 6-12 x 4—6 cm, apex broad, obtuse to + rounded, emarginate, or subacute; base subacute and decurrent into peti- ole; + coriaceous; both surfaces usually shiny, sparsely hairy, or hairy only on the midribs, or upper surfaces glabrous; usually dries brown with whitish midrib and nerves, and distinct reddish (sometimes whitish) delicate reticulate venation; lateral nerves (9—)12—18 pairs, usu- ally conspicuous, oblique or arcuate, looping at
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
margins; petioles 0.8-2.0 cm long; stipules connate to about middle and forming a short sheath, lobes ovate, sparsely hairy on outside with very short appressed hairs, and with long colleters inside (at base). Inflorescence bearing flowering branchlets 6.5-12.5 cm long, cov- ered with smooth greyish bark; inflorescences wider than long, 5—7 x 9—12. cm, laxly or densely corymbose; central branch with2 or3 internodes, these 5-8 mm long; lateral branches with a (6—)8—11 mm long internode, and 18—26-flow- ered corymbs; peduncles sparsely hairy with antrorsely curved or + spreading hairs; connate bracts with broadly ovate lobes, densely appressed hairy on outside. Pedicels (4—)6—10 mm long (in fruits 8-12 mm long), sparsely hairy with + antrorsely curved hairs; calyx 2-3 mim long, witha very flared long limb, distinctly toothed, calyx tube with+dense, short, antrorsely curved or sometimes + appressed hairs; limb usually about two thirds of the length of the tube, much wider than the tube, sparsely hairy; calyx lobes 0.5-—0.7 x 0.5S—O.7 mm, ovate, keeled; corolla tube slender, usually gradually dilated towards the mouth, (9—)12—-16 mm long, about 1.5 mm wide at base, 2.5 mm wide at top; pilose on the outside, and at throat; corolla lobes 6.5—7.0 x 2.0-2.5 mm, elliptic, obtuse; anthers 5.5~-7.0 mm long; filaments about 0.5 mm long; styles 2.7-3.2 cm long, sparsely patent hairy towards apex. Fruits 6-8 x 7 mm); seeds subglobose, about 5 x 5 mm.
Specimens examined: Northern Territory, About 32 km ENE of Goodparla Station, Feb 1973, Adam & Lazarides 3097 (BRD; Kapalga (12°39’S, 132°28’E), Mar 1982, Dunlop 6355 & Taylor (DNA).
Distribution and habitat: Known from the above collections, from the Northern Territory; in open forests on lateritic soil. Map 6.
Diagnostic features: P. speciosa may be distin- guished by its large, broad, many-flowered, showy inflorescences, showy flowers with long, pilose corolla tubes, obovate to obovate-elliptic or elliptic, obtuse, subglabrous leaves with (9—)12—18 pairs of + oblique lateral nerves.
Affinities: This distinctive new species is poorly known and requires further collectings to ascer- tain its variablity and relationships. Itis nearest to P. browniiin its leaves and general aspect, but
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta 43
Fig. 3. A. Pavetta speciosa: A,. branchlet with flowers x 0.5. A,. part of inflorescence showing connate bracts x 2, A,. flower showing hairy corolla tube x 3. A,. calyx with pedicel x 4. A,. longitudinal section of corolla x 3. Collins 146.
onitnatbwn sitan ne nnn auton tutWiNtWhtiNNatttttlatat tutu WU atu UMW MWY WNW ming stm mmm mmm min a My Hy Hata Ne, MW AN i UOC LC LCS. Ck Oikos)
Ad
the latter species has a much shorter (6—11 mm long), glabrous corolla tube, mdistinctly toothed calyx, elliptic or elliptic-oblong leaves which usually dry blackish, and fewer pairs (8-10 pairs) of lateral nerves.
Etymology: the specific epithet speciosa, from Latin speciosus =showy, splendid, refers to the showy inflorescence and flowers.
9, Pavetta conferta S. T. Reynolds sp. noy. inter P. brownii Bremek. et P. muelleri Bremek. quasi intermedia, ab ambobus inflorescentiis compactis, confertifloris, ramulis floriferis brevioribus differt, a P. brownithaud aegre distinguitur pedicellis brevioribus, calycis lobis conspicuis et corollis plerumque longioribus; differt a P. muelleri pilis brevioribus appressis in calycibus, et foliis plerumque paucti- nervibus. Typus: Northern Territory. Gunn Point (12°09’S, 131°03’E), 9 No- vember 1978, M.O. Rankin 1564 (holo: DNA; iso: CANB),.
Shrubs or small trees 1.5-4.0 m high, branchlets with short, appressed or + antrorsely curved fine hairs towards their tips, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic or subobovate, 10.5—13.0 x 4.0-6.0 cm, apex obtuse or + rounded, base obtuse or subacute; both surfaces sparsely hairy, or upper surfaces subglabrous, slightly glossy and ob- scurely gland-dotted; usually dries brown; lat- eral nerves 8-10 pairs, slightly oblique; peti- oles 0.6-1.2 cm long, sparsely hairy; stipules united below the middle and forming a short sheath, lobes broadly ovate, cuspidate, and with a slightly membranous margin, densely appressed hairy on the outside. Inflorescence bearing branchlets 8—11 cm long, covered with smooth greyish-brown bark; inflorescences one to few, clustered at tips of branchlets, 2—7 x 5—15 cm, usually wider than long, depressed from the top and compacted, with reduced cen- tral axis, and very short branches, central branch with | or 2 internodes, these 3 ~5(—7) mm long; lateral branches with a 2~7(—-12) mm long internode, and 9~—18-flowered corymbs; pedun- cles finely appressed hairy; connate bracts united to above middle, usually densely appressed hairy outside, and with fine long colleters inside (at base). Pedicels (4—)6-8 mm long, densely
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
hairy; calyx about 2 mm long, with a slightly flared, + membranous limb, distinctly toothed; calyx tube with dense, short, appressed or + antrorsely curved hairs, the hairs very sparse on the limb; calyx lobes about 0.5 x 0.5 mm, ovate; corolla tubes 7—11(—13) mm long, slightly di- lated at mouth, about 1.5 mm wide at base and to 2 mm wide at mouth, glabrous outside; co- rolla lobes 5.0-6.0 x 2.0-2.5 mm, elliptic, obtuse; anthers 4.5-5.5 mm long; styles 2.5—3.2 cm long. Fruits not seen.
Specimens examined: Northern Territory. Koolpinyah (12°21°S, 131°09’E), Oct 1974, Dunlop 3664 (DNA); 3 kmNW Woolaning (13°05’S, 130°39’E), Oct 1988, Russell- Smith 5956 & Lucas (DNA); Near Florence Falls (13°07’S, 130°49’B), Oct 1984, Silvertsen 961 (DNA).
Distribution and habitat: Known only from the above collections from Northern Territory; in low woodlands on sandy lateritic soil.
Diagnostic features: P. conferta is character- ised by its compact inflorescences with short branches and areduced central axis, by its short pedicels, short, appressed to antrorsely curved hairs on the calyx tube, small calyx lobes, glabrous, long corolla tubes (7-13 mm long), and by its elliptic to obovate leaves with a few pairs (8-10 pairs) of lateral nerves.
Affinities: This species is known only from the above rather poor collections. It appears to be intermediate between P. brownii Bremek. and P, muelleri Bremek. differing from both par- ticularly by its compact, shortly branched 1nflor- escences which are + depressed on top. P. brownii may be distinguished from this species by its inflorescence with moderately long open branches; its longer pedicels ((4.5)6-12 mm long); its indistinctly toothed calyx; and by its dense, straight, patent to + appressed hairs on the calyx tube. P. muelleri differs by its larger, elliptic to subobovate, glossy leaves, with a greater number of lateral nerves (12-14 pairs), by its shorter pedicels ((0.5—)2.0-3.0(—7.0) mm long) and by its longer, + curly, appressed hairs on the calyx tube. However, more collections (especially flowering material) of P. conferta are necessary to establish that the above differ- ences are consistent, and to assess its relation- ships with other species, viz P. speciosa and P. vaga, which occur in the area.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
Etymology: The specific epithet conferta, from Latin confertus = pressed close together, crowded, densely, refers to the crowded flow- ers in the inflorescence.
10. Pavetta vaga S.T. Reynolds sp. nov. P. brownii Bremek. per similis autem differt corollae tubo multo longiore (12-14 mm longo) pilosos, corollae lobis plerumque acutis, calycis lobis conspicuis, bracteis connatis + velutinis, et petiolis longioribus. Typus: Northern Territory. Humpty Doo, 10 February 1961, H.S. McKee 8362 (holo: BRI: iso: DNA; NSW).
Shrubs or small trees 1.5—4 m high; branchlets with minute, + curved, spreading or + ap- pressed hairs towards their tips, lenticellate; young leaves + sericeous on lower surfaces. Leaves elliptic to subobovate, (6-)9-15 x 4_6(—7) cm, apex obtuse, + rounded, or subacute apiculate, base obtuse or subacute; +coriaceous; both surfaces hairy, or upper surfaces subglabrous, lower ones densely to sparsely hairy, especially on the midrib and nerves, usually dries brownish with pale midrib and nerves; lateral nerves 9-12 pairs, slightly ob- lique or + arcuate and looping at margins; petioles 0.8—1.5(-2.5) cm long, sparsely hairy to subglabrous; stipules united nearly the whole length and forming a long, truncate sheath, or with small, cuspidate lobes, densely hairy on outside with short hairs, and with fine dense colleters inside (at base). Inflorescence bearing branchlets 7.5-11.0 cm long, covered with brownish-grey, smooth, flaky bark; inflores- cences loosely branched, many-flowered; cen- tral branch with I or 2 internodes, these 5—15 mm long; lateral branches with a usually long (10-30 mm long) internode, and with 9—)15—18- flowered corymbs; peduncles with minute, + curved, spreading or slightly appressed hairs; connate bracts united to above middle, with broadly ovate lobes, densely hairy with short appressed hairs and + velutinous. Pedicels 6-8 mim long (in fruit 8—12mm long), densely hairy, with short, antrorsely curved or sometimes + reflexed hairs; calyx 2.0-2.5 mm long, with a long much wider flared limb, distinctly toothed; calyx tube densely hairy with thick, short, antrorsely curved, or + spreading hairs, the hairs much sparser on the limb; limb about half as
45
long as the tube; calyx lobes 0.5—0.7 x 0.5-0.7 mm, broadly ovate; corolla tube 12-14 mm long, dilated towards the mouth, about 1.5 mm wide at base and about 2 mm wide at top, usually pilose outside and at throat; corolla lobes 6.0-7.0 x 2.0-2.5 mm, lanceolate or elliptic, acute or obtuse; anthers 5.5-7.0 mm long; filaments about 0.5 mm long; styles 2.7—3.0 cm long, pilose. Fruits about 5 x 5 mm.
Specimens examined: Northern Territory. Humpty Doo (12°38’S, 131°1S’E), Feb 1961, McKee 8362 (BRI, DNA, NSW); ditto, Jan 1963, Muspratt SS 0304 (DNA); 30 miles [48 km} from Darwin, Nov 1921, Allen 542 (DNA); Darwin River Quarry area (12°49’S, 130°59’E), Nov 1978, Rankin 1590 (DNA); Darwin River Region, Labersheda (12°51°S, 130°59°E), Oct 1986, Brock 160 (DNA),
Distribution and habitat: Known only from the above collections from near Darwin in the North- ern Territory; in open forests on lateritic soil.
Diagnostic features: P. vaga may be distin- guished by its velutinous connate bracts which are united to above middle, by its long usually pilose corolla tubes, acute or obtuse corolla lobes, and by its dense, antrorsely curved hairs on calyx tube, prominent calyx lobes, and also by its hairy elliptic leaves on usually long peti- oles.
Affinities: P. vaga is poorly known. It is prob- ably closely related to P. brownti, P. speciosa and P. conferta, and the species are doubtfully distinct but until better known they are kept distinct because of the differences indicated below.
The new species 1s most similar to P. brownti from which it differs by its longer, hairy corolla tubes; its longer, usually acute corolla lobes; by its distinctly toothed calyx; and its conspicuous + velutinous connate bracts. In P. brownti the connate bracts are ovate, thin, densely hairy with long white appressed hairs (outside), the calyx 1s indistinctly toothed, the calyx tube has straight patent or + appressed hairs, and the corolla has a shorter (6-11 mm long) glabrous tube, and shorter (4.5-6.0 mm long) obtuse corolla lobes. P. conferta differs from P. vaga by its compact inflorescences with short branches, short appressed or antrorsely curved hairs on calyx tube, and by its shorter petioles. P. speciosa differs from P. vaga by its
46
showy flowers with longer ((9-)12—16 mm long), usually wider corolla tubes, obtuse corolla lobes, and by its usually subglabrous, obovate to ellip- tic-obovate leaves which dry brownish with distinct, oblique to patent nerves and delicate conspicuous, + reddish reticulate venation.
Etymology: The specific epithet vaga, from Latin vagus = uncertain, refers to the status of this species compared to other closely related species.
Imperfectly known taxa
A few rather distinct but poorly known taxa which cannot be satisfactorily placed in any of the recognised species have been segregated. Three of these which appear to be distinct species are described below. They are not for- mally named here because specimens seen are too few, incomplete or immature to be sure.
Pavetta sp. 1
Small trees to 5 m high; branchlets with very short sparse hairs towards their tips. Leaves narrowly elliptic, lanceolate or + oblanceolate, sometimes subobovate, apex acute or obtuse, base obtuse or subacute and attenuate into the petiole, 12.5—18.0 x 4.8-5.5 cm, both surfaces + subglabrous with only a few hairs on the midrib, or upper surfaces glabrous, texture thin; midrib narrowly channelled towards the base on upper surfaces; lateral nerves 9-12 pairs, + oblique and ascending; reticulate venation finely and loosely arranged; petioles 1.8—2.5 cm long, puberulent; stipules shortly connate, + truncate, with small keeled lobes, or connate above mid- dle and forming a short sheath and with ovate cuspidate keeled lobes, sparsely short hairy on the outside. Inflorescence bearing branchlets 2.5—6.5 cm long, covered with pale grey smooth bark; inflorescences laxly corymbose; pedun- cles with sparse, short, fine, + curved appressed or antrorsely curved hairs; central branch with 1 or 2 internodes, these 10-20 mm long; lateral branches with one internode about 15 mm long (30-32 mm long in fruiting specimens); lateral corymbs 7—18-flowered; connate bracts sparsely hairy on the outside; pedicels slender, 8-12 mm long (in buds and fruits), puberulous; calyx (buds) with dense short fine appressed hairs, the
Austrobaileya 4(1): 21-49 (1993)
hairs thinning out towards the limb, lobes ovate; corolla tubes (buds) 5-6 mm long, pilose out- side; lobes just as long. Fruits about 7 x 6 mm, puberulent.
Spectmens examined: Northern Territory. Cannon Hill, Dec 1972, Byrnes 2947 (DNA); 7 km NNW Cannon Hill Airstrip (12°17’S, 132°54’B), Jul 1983, Russell-Smith 782 (DNA); 13 kmS Cannon Hill, Dec 1983, Russell-Smith 909 (CANB),.
Distribution and habitat: Around Cannon Hill, Northern Territory, in sandy lateritic soil.
Diagnostic features: This taxon whichis known from a few rather poor collections (in young fruit or in bud), ts characterised by long narrow elliptic or lanceolate leaves, few lateral nerves, long petioles and long stalked buds and fruits. It resembles P. speciosa and P. tenella in its general aspect, and is probably closely related to these species, but more collections (prefer- ably flowering specimens) are necessary to be certain. |
Pavetta sp. 2
Multistemmed shrubs or small trees to 4 m; bark srey + stringy; younger parts, leaves, inflores- cence axes and calyces densely hairy with long, fine, curly or + crispate hairs; young branchlets with short spreading or + antrorsely curved hairs. Leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, usually wider above the middle, 7.0—-14.5 x 2.3—5.0 cm, apex + subacute or obtuse, rarely very shortly acuminate, base obtuse or acute and shortly decurrent into the petiole; both surfaces hairy, the hairs denser below, upper surfaces with + erect hairs, lower ones with dense, fine, long curved or + crispate, white hairs; slightly coriaceous, dries pale brown or dark brown; midrib usually flattened above; lateral nerves 7—-9(10) pairs, + arcuate, usually ascending at their tips; petioles 0.7—1.5(—2.0) cm long; stipules densely hairy outside. Inflor- escence (infructescence) wider than long, about 4.5 x 8.5 cm, compact with short branches, central branch with 2 or 3 internodes, these 5—7 mm long; lateral branches with one internode 15—25 mm long; lateral corymbs 9—19-flower- ed; peduncles densely hairy; pedicels (only old flowers seen) 1-3 mm long (in fruit5 mm long); remnant calyx with a very flared limb, about 1.5
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
ac? « / jit os eS “i 4 : raf 4 i ‘ o ey? S f A oo . oOo pa 3 AOoo0 a Fs go oO CJ GB z } 4 2 oS “ a 5 er és A AL aA A r é aA * AA Aw AA f ¥
lig cy On a i il At aX T ‘i Tl mTy | ae O ! &) \ Cr ee We) ‘\ M sx A fi
vel
47 & ot? ) av a F - ee 40 ? = z SN , ij ym 4 o ff AAAA A AAA ra AAA aA A ? se 4 @ a * | o
Maps 1-6. Distribution of Pavetta spp. 1.P. australiensis var. australiensis Q, P. conferta A .2, P. brownti var. brownti O P. vagaA. 3.Pmuelleri 1, P. brownit var. glabrata 4, 4. P. granitica A, P. tenella O.5, P. australiensis var.
pubigera O, P,. kimberleyana O, P. rupicola 4. 6. P. speciosa O.
VM es
= = z i z 8 f a E
A8
mm long, calyx tube densely hairy with short, antrorsely curved or appressed hairs, limb much wider than the tube and about half as long, sparsely hairy, distinctly toothed; calyx lobes ovate. Young fruits puberulent.
Specimens examined: Western Australia. Drysdale River National Park, near Morgan Falis (15°02’S, 126°40’E), Aug 1975, George 14048 (PERTH); ditto, Ashton Range, (15° 16’S, 126°43’E), Aug 1975, George 13289 (PERTH); 16 km E of Bungle Bungle Outcamp East (17°13’S, 128°26’E), Kenneally 9210(PERTH); Prince Regent River, 1891, Allen s.n. (MEL 1553924).
Distribution and habitat: Northeast Kimber- ley, Western Australia, in the above localities; in sandstone scree slopes and siltstone scarps in open woodlands.
Diagnostic features: This taxon known only from the above few sterile and poor fruiting specimens, is characterised by its hairy fairly narrow leaves on long petioles. It appears to be resemble both P. kimberleyana S.T. Reynolds and P. muelleri Bremek. in its general aspect and hairiness, but differs from both by its nar- row, long petioled, hairy leaves. More collec- tions (preferably flowering material) are neces- sary to assess its variability and relationships.
Pavetta sp. 3
Shrub or small tree. Leaves and inflorescence hairy. Leaves elliptic, 8.5-11.0 x 4.0-5.2 cm, obtuse or subacute at apex and base, upper surfaces sparsely hairy, gland-dotted, lower ones densely hairy; dries brown; lateral nerves 10-12 pairs, + arcuate; petioles 1.0—1.2 cm long; stip- ules connate below middle and forming a short sheath, and with broadly ovate keeled lobes, hairy on outside with very short appressed hairs. Inflorescences many flowered, connate bracts thin, densely sericeous on the outside; pedicels (3—)6-8 mm long (unequal in length in the cymule, and thick in bud); calyx about 2 mm long, distinctly toothed, densely hatry on both calyx tube and limb with antrorsely curved to + spreading, or appressed hairs, calyx lobes broadly ovate, 1 mm long, sparsely hairy; co- rolla tube 12-14 mm long, slender, dilated at mouth, glabrous outside; corolla lobes about 6.0 x 1.5—2.0 mm long, elliptic, obtuse; styles 2.7—-3.3 cm long.
Austrobaileya 4(1); 21-49 (1993)
Specimens examined: Northern Territory. Settlement Creek, Dec 1922, Brass 245 (BRI, NSW); Redbank Mine, Wollogorang Station, Nov 1984, Thompson 764 (BRI, NSW); Borroloola, Nov 1911, ill s.n. (MEL 1537277).
Distribution and habitat: Along the Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory, in rocky areas e.g. wet rocky gully or amongst rocks.
Diagnostic features:This taxon known from a few poor specimens (with immature leaves and inflorescences) 1s characterised by its hairy elliptic leaves, dense antrorsely curved, + spread- ing or appressed hairs on the calyx, distinct calyx lobes and long corolla tubes. It resembles both P. muellerit and P. brownii. It has the distinctly toothed calyx, and short, unequal and usually thick pedicels of the buds of the P. muelleri, and the leaves and + the calyx hairs of P, brownii, but differs from both these species in its long corolla tubes. More specimens (pref- erably good flowering material) are needed to assess its variability and relationship with the above species.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to the Australian Biological Resource Study, Federal Department of Arts, Sports, The Enviroment, Tourism and Territo- ries for a grant to undertake research in the tribe Pavetteae in Australia; Les Pedley for the Latin diagnoses; Rod Henderson for his comments on the manuscript and for the Latin diagnoses; Paul Forster for his various collections of Rubiaceous genera under review; Philip Short while he was A.B.L.O. at Kew, for the photocopy of relevant literature and help while I was at K and BM; Diane Bridson (Kew) for her help and useful discussions; Mr M.M.J. van Balgooy (Leiden) for the photograph of the type of P. insulana and photocopy of its description; Will Smith for the illustrations and maps; Andrew Franks and Kym Sparshott for their help with the specimens and maps; Chris Putttock for his collections of genera under review; and the directors of the following herbaria for allowing me full access to specimens in theirinstitutions and for the loan of herbarium material, types and photographs — AD, BM, CANB, DNA, K, L, MEL, NSW, PERTH, QRS and UNSW.
Reynolds, Australian Pavetta
References
Backer, C.A. & BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK JR, R.C, (1965). Pavetta L, In Flora of Java 2: 323. Groninger: N.V.P. Noordhoff.
Batey, F.M. (1883). Pavetta L. InSynopsis of the Queens- land Flora : 227. Brisbane: Queensland Govern- ment,
(1900). Pavetta L. In The Queensland Flora 3: 766. Brisbane: Queensland Government.
BENTHAM, G. (1867 ‘1866’). LxoraL. In Floraaustraliensis 3: 414-415. London: Lovell Reeve & Co.
BREMEKAMP, C.E.B. (1934). A monograph of the genus PavettaL. InF. Fedde(ed.), Repertoriumspecierum novarum regni vegetabilis 37: 1-208.
(1939). A monograph of the genus Pavetta L. Additions and Emendations. In F. Fedde (ed.), Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 47: 12, 26.
Bripson, D. (1978). Studies in Pavetta L. Kew Bulletin 32(3): 609-652.
49
Koen, B, (1992), Pavetta L. In J. Wheeler (ed.), Flora of the Kimberley Region: 922, Como, W.A.: Depart- ment of conservation and Land Management.
MABBERLEY D.J, (1989). Pavetta L. In The plant-book: 435. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ross, E.M. (1988). Pavetta L. In T.D. Stanley & E.M. Ross, Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 339-340, Brisbane: Queensland Department of Pri- mary Industries.
SCHUMANN, K, & LAUTERBACH, K. (1901). PavettaL, In Die flora der Deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Stidsee: 569-570. Leipzig: Gebriider Borntraeger.
VALETON, Th. (1910-1911). Pavetta L. Nova Guinea 8: 437-519,
Won, K.M. (1989). Pavetta L. In F.S.P. Ng (ed.), Tree Flora of Malaya 4: 386-390, Malaysia: Longman.
Taxonomic studies on the genus Hoya R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: VMiarsdenieae) in Papuasia, 6'
Paul I. Forster and David J. Liddle
Summary
Forster, Paul I. & Liddle, David J. (1993). Taxonomic studies on the genus Hoya R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Marsdenieae) in Papuasia, 6. Austrobaileya 4(1): 51-55. Two new species of Hoya from Papuasia (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands) are described, namely Hoya dennisti and H. flavida. Both are in cultivation, and the latter is widely known as H. sp. ‘Mt Gallego’.
Keywords: Asclepiadaceae, Hoya — Papuasia, Hoya dennisti, Hoya flavida.
Paul I. Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia
David J. Liddle, P.O. Box 794, Mareeba, Old 4068, Australia
Introduction
In this paper we continue our long-term taxo- nomic studies on the genus Hoya R. Br. in Papuasia (Forster & Liddle 1991, 1992). Ter- minology and format is consistent with the former papers. Two new species, namely H. dennisii and H. flavida, are described, ahead of accounts of the species groups in which they occur. Both these species are in cultivation and require names for identification and distribu- tion of live material. H. flavidais widely known as H. sp. ‘Mt Gallego’.
Taxonomy
Hoya dennisii P.I. Forster et D.J. Liddie, sp. nov. affinis H. chloranthae Rech. a qua venis secondariis laminae folii 3 vel 4 vix manifestis, floribus minoribus (16—17 mm in diametro), lobis corollae longioribus (circa 7 mm longis), et lobis coronae staminalis majoribus margine exteriore corollam excedentibus et apice labio obtuso producto differt. Typus: Solomon Islands, GUADALCANAL PROVINCE: Kwalo Range, Mt Gallego, eastern ridge, 7 July 1965, 7.C. Whitmore R.S.S. 6073 (holo: L!; iso: A!, BSIP!, K!, LAE!).
1Christensen Research Institute Contribution No. 83.
Accepted for publication 16 December 1992
Epiphytic coriaceous liane to several metres; latex white. Stems cylindrical, wiry, with sparse trichomes, becoming glabrous with age;
_ internodes up to 100 mm long and I mm diam-
eter. Leaves petiolate; lamina lanceolate-ovate, coriaceous, up to 72 mm long and 30 mm wide, discolorous, glabrous, venation obscure; upper surface dark green; lower surface pale green; tip acuminate; base rounded to cordate; petiole 5—7 mm long and c. 0.8 mm diameter, with scattered trichomes; colleters 2, at lamina base. Cyme racemiform, up to 100 mm long; peduncle up to 85 mm long and 0.5 mm diameter, glabrous or with scattered trichomes; bracts ovate, 0.5—0.6 mm long, 0.4—0.5 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers 2-3 mm long, 16-17 mm diameter; pedicels 30-35 mm long, c. 0.6 mm diameter, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate, c. 1.2 mm long and 0.6 mm wide, glabrous. Corolla flattened-campanulate, crimson-pink, externally glabrous, internally with short dense white trichomes; tube c. 5 mm long and 10 mm diameter; lobes triangular, c. 77 mm long and 7 mm wide. Staminal corona purple, c. 1.8 mm long and 4.5 mm diameter, inserted on column + flush with corolla; lobes c. 3.2 mm long, 1.8 mm wide and 1.8 mm high, outer edge rounded and somewhat drawn out into a lip not higher than the style-head, inner edge acute. Staminal column c. 2 mm long and 2.) mm diameter; anther appendages lanceo- late, c. 0.8 mm long and 0.5 mm wide; alar fissure 1.0-1.1 mm long. Style-head de- pressed-globose, c. 0.8 mm diameter. Pollinaria
52 Austrobaileya 4(1): 51-55 (1993)
ak, FO ShS
t
Fig, 1. Hoya dennisii: A. habit of flowering stem x 0.8. B. face view of flower x 2, C. side view of flower x 2. D. face view of calyx and ovaries with corolla removed x 8. E. side view of staminal corona x 6. F. face view of staminal corona and column x 6, G. pollinarium x 40, A, Whitmore R.S.S, 6073; B—G, Forster 8714 & Liddle. Del. W. Smith.
Forster & Liddle, Hoya, 6
c. 0.55 mm long and 0.46 mm wide; pollinia oblong, c. 0.46 mm long and 0.18 mm wide, with pellucid germination mouth on outer edge; corpusculum oblong-ovate, c. 0.14 mm long and 0.09 mm wide; caudicles unwinged, c. 0.09 mm long and 0.03 mm wide. Fruit and seed not seen. Fig. 1.
Specimens examined: Solomon Islands. GUADALCANAL PROVINCE: near Gold Ridge Village, 9°35’S, 160°07’E, Jun 1991, Forster 8714 & Liddle (BRD; Summit Mt Gallego, NW Guadalcanal, Sep 1966, Dennis BSIP4630 (BSIP); Popomanasiu, Oct 1965, Corner 156 (K).
Distribution and habitat: H. dennisii has been collected only on Guadalcanal where it grows in montane and submontane situations from 650 to 1200 m altitude, usually as an epiphyte in bryophyte mats in rainforest.
Notes: H. dennisii belongs to a group of small, wiry stemmed, coriaceous to herbaceous leaved Hoyas that occur in upper montane areas in Papuasia and Melanesia. The group includes H. venusta Schitr. in New Guineaand H. chlorantha Rech. in Samoa. H. dennisii is probably most closely related to H. chlorantha but differs from that species in the just visible 3 or 4 secondary veins in the leaf lamina, the smaller flowers 16—17 mm in diameter with longer corolla lobes c. 7 mm long and the larger staminal corona lobes in which the outer edge is raised above the corolla and drawn out into a blunt lip.
Etymology: It gives us much pleasure to name this new species for Geoff Dennis of Honiara, Guadalcanal, former Government Botanist and long-time resident in the Solomon Islands, a plantsman of high repute with a garden of tropi- cal delights. Geoff has been responsible for introducing many of the Hoyas from the Solo- mon Islands into general cultivation.
Hoya flavida P.I. Forster et D.J. Liddle, sp. nov. affinis H. anulatae Schltr. a qua foliis succulentioribus, corolla campan- ulatirotata lutea vel flavida lobis ovatis, et lobis coronae staminalis margine exteriore rotundato differt. Typus: cultivated at Emerald Creek near Mareeba (ex plant collected on Mt Gallego, Guadalcanal Province, Solomon Islands), 24 February
53
1992, DJ. Liddle IML118 (holo: BRI (1 sheet + spirit)).
Epiphytic fleshy vine to several metres long, latex white. Stems cylindrical, glabrous; inter- nodes up to 120 mm long and 2.5 mm diameter. Leaves glabrous, petiolate; lamina elliptic-ovate, upto 140mm long and 45 mm wide, discolorous, secondary veins 4 per side of midrib just visible on both surfaces, tertiary venation obscure; upper surface dark green; lower surface pale green; tip acute to short acuminate; base cuneate; petiole grooved along top, 10-12 mm long and c. 1.5 mm diameter; colleters 2, at lamina base. Cyme umbelliform to racemiform, up to 140 mm long; peduncle up to 135 mm long and 1.5 mm diameter, glabrous; bracts ovate, 0.3-0.4 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide. Flowers 3-4 mm long, 10-15 mm diameter; pedicels 15-22 mm long, c. 1 mm _ diameter, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate, 1.2-1.4 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, glabrous. Corolla campanulate-rotate, yellow to yellow-pink, externally glabrous, internally with dense short white trichomes that are uni- formly distributed except for on the lobe edges where slightly denser but not forming a con- spicuous band; tube 3-4 mm long, 7-8 mm diameter; lobes ovate, 5-5.5 mm long, 4.5—5 mm wide. Staminal corona 2.8-3 mm long, 5.5-5.8 mm diameter, inserted on column + flush with corolla, yellow-pink; each lobe c. 2.5 mm long, 2.5—2.8 mm high, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, outer edge somewhat rounded-obtuse and not upraised above the level of the style-head, inner edge acute. Staminal column c. 2 mm long and 2.) mm diameter; anther appendages lanceo- late, c. 0.8 mm long and 0.5 mm wide; alar fissure c. 1 mm long. Style-head c. 1 mm diameter. Pollinaria c. 0.32—0.36 mm long, 0.27—0.32 mm wide; pollinia oblong, 0.29—0.33 mm long, 0.12—0.13 mm wide, with pellucid germination mouth on outer edge; corpusculum oblong, 0.09-0.11 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide; caudicles winged, c. 0.09 mm long and 0.05 mm wide. Fruit and seed not seen. Fig. 2.
Specimens examined: Papua New Guinea. BouGAINVILLE Province: South slopes of Crown Prince Range, Apr 1936, Voyce D2 (K). Cultivated. cultivated at Emerald Creek near Mareeba (ex plant collected on Mt Gallego, Guadalcanal Province, Solomon Islands), Feb 1992, Liddle IMLA23 (BRD.
34
Austrobaileya 4(1): 51—55 (1993
+ ad eee ee eet
* + See Peek
*
reat
Se el
AO, All from Liddle IML118. Del. W. Smith.
Fig. 2. Hoya flavida: A.habit of flowering stem x 0.5. B. face view of flower x 4, C. side view of flower x 4. D. calyx x 4. E. face view of staminal corona and column x 8. F. side view of staminal corona and column x 8. G, pollinarium x
Forster & Liddle, Hoya, 6
Distribution and habitat: Known only from Bougainville and Guadalcanal Islands in the Solomon Islands chain. Plants occur as epi- phytes in lowland rainforest. In addition to the plants in cultivation from Mt Gallego, we havé also collected plants from the Lungga River area on Guadalcanal that are probably referable to this species; however, they have yet to flower for us to be sure.
Notes: H. flavida ts a free flowering plant that is now reasonably well spread in cultivation as H. sp. “Mt Gallego’. It is probably allied to Z. anulata Schitr. from mainland New Guinea and Australia (Forster & Liddle 1990, 1992) but differs from that species in the more succulent leaves, the yellow or yellowish campanulate- rotate corolla with ovate lobes; and the staminal corona lobes with rounded outer edges.
Etymology: The specific epithet alludes to the yellowish corollas.
55 Acknowledgements
Figures | and 2 were drawn by W. Smith (BRI). Our visit to Papua New Guinea, enabling a visit tothe LAE herbarium, was made possible by the award of a Christensen Research Institute Fel- lowship and we are grateful to M. Jebb, Director of that institute for his support. G. Stocker was of great assistance with our visit to Lae. L.A. Craven (CANB) kindly provided latin transla- tions of the diagnoses. Plants or information on localities were supplied by G. Dennis, B. Ghen and the late P. Tsang. The Directors/Curators of A, B, BM, BO, BSIP, CANB, K, L, LAE, MICH, SING, NY, W and WRSL allowed access to collections 1n their care, either on loan or on visits to their institutions.
References Forster, P.J. & LippLe, D.J. (1990). Hoya R. Br.
(Asclepiadaceae) in Australia—an alternative classi- fication. Austrobaileya 3: 217-234,
(1991). Variation in Hoya australis R. Br. ex Traill (Asclepiadaceae). Austrobaileya 3: 503-521.
(1992). Taxonomic studies on the genus Hoya R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) in Papuasia, 1-5, Austrobatleya 3: 627-641.
Studies in Australian grasses, 7’. Four new species of Sporobolus R. Br. (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Sporoboleae) from Australia
Bryan K. Simon
Summary
Simon, Bryan K. (1993). Studies in Australian grasses 7, Four new species of Sporobolus R. Br. (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Sporoboleae) from Australia. Austrobaileya 4(1): 57-66. New species, Sporobolus blakei from central and western Australia and Sporobolus disjunctus, Sporobolus pamelae and Sporobolus partimpatens from Queensland are described and compared with other Australian Sporobolus species. |
Keywords: Poaceae, Sporobolus — Queensland, Sporobolus blakei, Sporobolus disjunctus, Sporobolus
pamelae, Sporobolus partiwnpatens.,
Bryan K, Simon, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia
Introduction
In relation to the ‘Flora of Australia’ account and revisional studies of Sporobolus R. Br. pres-ently being undertaken with Surrey Jacobs of the New South Wales National Herbarium, four new species require description. Three of them were given their names by previous re- searchers on this genus, but never published. Jan De Nardi, formerly of the New South Wales National Herbarium, proposed the name Sporobolus blakei for the central Australian species in 1973, and Robyn Mills, formerly of the Waite Institute, Adelaide, proposed the names Sporobolus disjunctus and Sporobolus partimpatens for the Queensland species in a preliminary manuscript of a revision of Austral- ian Sporobolus species prepared in the mid 1980s and kindly sent to me by David Symon when Ms Miils left the Waite Institute to take up employment in Perth. I collected the fourth species, Sporobolus pamelae, for the first time in April 1992, from the ‘Desert Uplands’ of central Queensland, during field work with John Thompson as part of his project to prepare a vegetation map of the region.
' continued from Austrobaileya 3(4):669-681 (1992)
Accepted for publication 3 February 1993
Sporobolus blakei De Nardi ex B.K. Simon, sp. nov..S. elongato R. Br. affinis sed basi vaginis fibris, laminis longioribus et complanatis, lemmatibus leviter brev- ioribus, staminibus duobus, semine latiore differt. Typus: Northern Territory, Cen- TRAL SOUTHERN Division: Redbank Gorge, 20 April 1972, P_K. Latz 2483 (holo: BRI; iso: DNA).
Plants perennial with culms erect, to 80 cm tall, unbranched, 2—3-noded. Internodes glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves glabrous; sheaths dis- tinctly fibrous at base of plant; ligule a mem- brane c. 0.3 mm long; blades usually flat, to 30 cm xX 3 mm. Inflorescence to 32 x 2 cm, a panicle, spicate to semi-spicate, fully exserted at maturity. Primary branches to 2.5 cm long, not appressed to main axis, not whorled at the lowermostinflorescence node. Spikelets 1.5—1.8 x c. 0.7-0.9 mm, evenly distributed along the length of the branch, pedicels 0.7—0.9 mm long. Lower glume 0.6—0.7 mm long, nerveless, ob- tuse and frequently torn at apex. Upper glume 0.9-1.1 mm long, at least half the spikelet length, 1-nerved, acute, sometimes torn at apex. Lemma 1.5—1.8 x 0.7-—0.9 mm, membranous, distinctly keeled, obtuse to truncate. Palea 1.3—-1.7 mm long, membranous. Anthers 3, 0.6-0.7 mm long. Grain obovoid, angular in transverse section, c. 0.9 mm x 0.6 mm. Fig. 1.
38
y ni
SS a
~ S
" “ eat a Ra
i
oe 4
“om _— 7
en hee
.* * [ scemaaaalill Ce “# 7 ae ey caer ttn —_ me At ind aml We st
~ ri es ete wm ete crete rel el - Noe ee e ae
al i tls —" WSS i"
=aA tN eS
S Th WS
HAS RR
Austrobaileya 4(1): 57~66 (1993)
* taf,
& 4 i i
14 rent title dy at eas Trl “Ae
‘ 1,1 kh ‘
Fig. 1. Sporobolus blakei: A. habit x 0.5. B, portion of inflorescence x 2, C. spikelet, lateral view x 25. D. lower glume, back view. E. upper glume, back view. F. lemma, back view. F. palea, back view. H. flower. D-H x 40. All drawn from
Nelson 484 (BRI).
Simon, Grasses 7
Selected specimens examined: Western Australia. FiTZGERALD District: Mt Harthomestead, Jun 1987, Edinger 467 (PERTH). CARNARVON District: Carnarvon, Mar 1981, Stretch s.n. (PERTH). CARNEGIE District: Warburton Mis- sion, Aug 1962, George 4060 (PERTH). Gites DISTRICT: Rawlinson Range, Aug 1958, Hi// 910 & Lothian (AD, DNA). Austin Districr: Wongawol Station, Jul 1944, Bennett sn. (PERTH). Northern Territory. CENTRAL NorTHERN Division: Elkedra Station, Davenport Ranges, May 1977, Latz6857 (BRI, DNA); Mt Doreen Station, Jan 1972, Latz 2043 (CANB, DNA, PERTH). CENTRAL SouTH- ERN Division: Mount Sonder, Jul 1968, Beauglehole 27380 (BRI, DNA); Valley of the Eagles, Jun 1968, Beauglehole 20667A (BRI, DNA, NSW); Simpsons Gap National Park, Jun 1974, Beauglehole 45035 (BRI, DNA); Ormiston Gorge, Heavitree Range, Jun 1974, Beauglehole 45304 & Carr (BRI, DNA); Mt Putardi area, Apr 1972, Latz 2293 (BRI, CANB, DNA, PERTH); 25 miles [42 km] S of Alice Springs, Aug 1962, Nelson 484 (BRI, CANB, DNA); Palm Valley, Dec 1971, Latz 1900 (BRI, CANB, DNA); Tempe Downs Station, Feb 1973, Henry 667 (CANB, DNA); Olga Gorge, Lazarides & Palmer 267 (CANB, DNA); Umbeara Station, May 1988, Latz 5260 (DNA); Peterman Ranges, Oct 1971, Latz 1773 CDNA). South Australia. Nortu- WESTERN: Helms 6.1891 (AD, CANB, DNA), LAKE Eyre: Witgara National Park, Sep 1986, Weber 9217 (AD, BRI, DNA). Queensland. Warreco Districr: 48 km NW of Hungerford, Sep 1971, Stanton s.n., AQ 0004485 (BRD. New South Wales. NorTHERN FAR WESTERN PLAINS: Gum Vale, May 1971, Milthorpe 397 (NSW).
Distribution and habitat: S. blakei 1s distrib- uted in all mainland states from central and western Australia within the arid zone of Jessop (1981), with the exception of a collection from the Kimberley region. The distribution of all herbarium specimens is shown in Map 1. It is found in or near places of accumulated mois- ture, creek beds, moisture depressions and wa- tercourses.
Conservation status: Not considered to be threatened.
Etymology: Named for the late Dr S.T. Blake, formerly at BRI, who pioneered much of the work on the taxonomy of Australian grasses.
Notes: This species is closely related to S. elongatus R. Br. but differs in its basal fibrous leaf sheaths, generally longer and flattened leaf blades, slightly shorter lemma, two stamens and broader seeds. The specimen originally selected as type by De Nardi was Beauglehole 20667, but this is a mixed gathering with Eragrostis parviflora (R. Br.) Trin. I have assigned the number 20667A to the Sporobolus blakei col-
59
lection and 20667B to the Eragrostis parviflora collection.
Sporobolus disjunctus R. Mills ex B.K. Simon, sp. nov. 8 indico L. affinis, sed paniculis interruptionibus, glumis inferis uninervis, rarenter flosculis in spicula duobus differt. Typus: Queensland, SouTH KENNEDy Dts- TRicT: 9 miles [14.4 km] N of Avon Downs Station, L. Adams 1060 (holo: CANB (CANB 143738); iso: BRI (BRI 2885 12)).
Plant perennial with culms erect, to 80 cm tall, sparingly intravaginally branched at base, 2—5- noded. Internodes glabrous. Leaves glabrous; ligule a fringed membrane with marginal ciliac. 0.7 mm long; blades flat or involute, to 25 cm x 8 mm, strigose and scaberulous. Inflorescence to 25 x 0.8 cm, a panicle, spicate to semi- spicate, fully exserted at maturity. Primary branches to 2 cm long, appressed to the main axis in clusters, not whorled at the lowermost inflorescence node. Spikelets 2—2.3 x 0.6—-0.7 mm, evenly distributed along the length of the branch, sessile or shortly pedicelled, pedicels to 2 mim long, rarely 2-flowered. Lower glume 0.8—-1 mm long, 1l-nerved, glabrous to scaberulous, membranous, acute. Upper glume 1.8—2 mm long, at least half spikelet length, 1- nerved, glabrous to scaberulous, membranous, acute. Lemma 2—2.3 x 0.6-0.7 mm, distinctly keeled, 1-nerved, glabrous to scaberulous, mem- branous, acute. Palea 1.9~2.1 mm long, shorter than lemma but longer than upper glume, glab- rous to scaberulous, with a rounded apex. An- thers 2 or 3, 0.3—0.6 mm long. Grain asymmetri- cally ovoid, compressed in transverse section, 0.9 x 0.5 mm. Fig. 2.
Specimens examined: Queensland. Burke Districr: 82 km NE of Hughenden on road to Mt Emu Plains, Mar 1993, Thompson HUG203 & Henderson (BRI). SourH KENNEDY District: Natal Downs Homestead, Jan 1987, Dorney 59 (BRI); Well Plains Station, Jul 1989, Henn AQ 456510 (BRI); 9 km S of Warregal, Feb 1978, Anderson 324B (BRI); Bingeringo Tank, May 1991, Neldner 3072 & Thompson (BRI, NSW). LercaHarpt Districr: between Emerald and Peak Downs, Feb 1931, Hubbard 7954 (K), MARANOA District: 12 miles [19.2 km] NW of Mungindi, Apr 1952, Collector unknown AQ 306829 (BRI); N of surat, Apr 1991, Warrian 890 (BRI). Daritinc Downs District: Goodah, W of Goondiwindi, Feb 1992, Ross AQ 542465 (BRI, NSW). New South Wales. NorrH WESTERN PLAINS: Burilda, W of Goondiwindi, May 1991, Crane AQ 506149 (BRI).
es a ee ee
Austrobaileya 4(1): 57-66 (1993)
60
portion ofinflorescence x 2. C, s
>
lateral view x20. D. lower glume
pikelet, w. G. palea, front view and one lodicule at base. H. flower.
front vie
Hig. 2. Sporobolus disjunctus: A. habitx0.5. B. , front view. F. lemma, D-H x 40. All drawn from Adams 1060 (isotype, BRI).
front view. E. upper glume
Simon, Grasses 7
Distribution and habitat: On the basis of exist- ing collections §. disjunctus has rather a dis- junct distribution with a few collections from northern and central Queensland and others from areas near the Queensland-New South Wales border (Map 1). It is restricted to black cracking clay soils.
Conservation status: 3K (Briggs & Leigh 1988).
Etymology: Named for the disjunct nature of the inflorescence branches.
Notes: S. disjunctus differs from S. indicus by the interrupted nature of the inflorescence branches (as opposed to the + uninterrupted inflorescence in S. indicus), by the longer glumes and the one-nerved lower glume (nerveless in S. indicus). A second floret is sometimes devel- oped in the spikelets of S. disjunctus, a situation also reported for other species of Sporobolus e.g. 8. mitchellii (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. ex s.T. Blake with its occasional second floret (Clayton & Renvoize 1986) and S. subtilis Kunth with its rachilla process, indicating areduction from the two floret condition. Other species of Sporobolus reported as having more than one floret, have been transferred to other genera (Baaijens & Veldkamp 1991). The genus Sporobolus, apart from it possessing spikelets with a single floret, is very close to Eragrostis (Phillips 1982) and the tribe Sporoboleae or subtribe Sporobolinae, setup to accommodate this single floret charac- ter state, 1s really an artificial grouping. The Australian endemic genus Thellungia (Hubbard 1933; Probst 1920; Stapf 1920)) has been placed in Eragrostis (Phillips 1982) on the basis of it having spikelets with 2 or3 florets. However it has one-nerved lemmas as in all other species of Sporobolus and looks remarkably similar to S. disjunctus. Jacobs (1987) has drawn attention to the lack of agreement of generic circumscrip- tion of some chloridoid genera, including the distinction of Sporobolus and Thellungia from Eragrostis.
Sporobolus pamelae B.K. Simon, sp. nov. S. myriantho Benth. affinis sed glumis superis cum apicibus obtusis (sine apicibus acuminatis), spiculis longioribus, differt. Typus. Queensland, SourH KENNepy Dis- TRICT: Cattle Creek moundspring, 3 km S
61
of Doongmabulla Station, 22°05’39" S, 146°14’23"E, 1 Apr 1992, EJ. Thompson GAL 001 & B.K. Simon (holo: BRI; iso: AD, B, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, MO, NSW, PRE).
Plants perennial with culms erect, 80-120 cm tall, unbranched, 2—4-noded. Nodes glabrous. Internodes glabrous, longer than the associated leaf sheaths. Leaves glabrous; sheaths rounded on the back; ligule a fringe of hairs c. 0.5 mm long; blades 14-35 cm x 1-1.5 mm, involute, filiform, tapering to a narrow apex, attenuate at the base. Inflorescence 25—40 x 3-12 cm, open, fully exserted at maturity. Primary branches to 15 cm long, not appressed to main axis, as long as or longer than adjacent internodes, with spreading secondary branches, with spikelets loosely spaced, only the lowest branch slightly whorled. Spikelets 2.5-3 x 0.6-1 mm, evenly distributed along the length of the branch, lan- ceolate, pedicelled, 1-flowered; pedicels 4-12 mm long, very slightly scabrous, flexuous. Lower plume c. 1.5 mm long, triangular, nerveless, membranous, glabrous, obtuse. Upper glume c. 3 mm long, at least half spikelet length, faintly l-nerved, rounded on the back, obtuse, gla- brous. Lemma 2.5—3 x | mm, linear-lanceolate, not keeled, membranous, obscurely 3-nerved, truncate. Palea 3-3.2 mm long, with a longitu- dinal groove, membranous, obtuse. Lodicules c. 0.4 mm long. Anthers 3, c. 2 mm long. Grain not seen. Fig. 3.
Distribution and habitat: S. pamelae is only represented by the type specimen collected at Doongmabulla Station (Map 1). It grows in an interesting ecological habitat known as a moundspring. It was the dominant species in the vegetation here (Fig. 4), which includes several other and possibly new species of flowering plants. These mounds and accompanying veg- etation, developed by the springs of the Great Artesian Basin, are well known and documented (Habermehl 1982; Ponder 1986).
Conservation status: 1K (Briggs & Leigh 1988).
ktymology: This very attractive grass is named for my wife, Pam, who has endured my many absences from home on agrostological pur- suits.
a Pena kaa Revert hel Riel Erercitseckertccccra hie ec tn tt ah ee th date eA A ECE tt Ll netabenananacenenaenteneecseaien et | menentenon mamma mcm ci (et en cA ORR NA et LY EL I EE at "
62 Austrobatleya 4(1): 57-66 (1993)
* i a Po er a we ee Te “"% la tt, ae arene - ie sl ' a ae + & ae a OT
‘odes te A at apse et fume ana Hote eres Met wlteatlot
w
es E ahahamaal onl i peer vm
|
\
Pe i alll
+ ona: eV ie a gS
ot ae oe 0 HO rg ntl
ro | are Mal
ae AIRE gm ae se se pe hd nla Malo tt
Fig. 3. Sporobolus pamelae: A. habit x 0.5. B. spikelet, lateral view x 10. C. lower glume, front view and pedicel. D. upper glume, front view. E. lemma, front view. F. palea, back view. G. palea, front view. H. pistil and stamens. C—H
x 20. All drawn from Thompson GAL 001 & Simon (holotype, BRD.
Simon, Grasses 7 63
Fig. 4, Sporobolus partimpatens: A. habit x 0.5. B. spikelet, lateral view x 15. C, lower glume, back view. D. upper glume, back view. E. lemma, back view. F. palea, front view. G. split palea. H. grain. C-H x30, All drawn from Thompson GAL 002 & Simon (holotype, BRI).
64
Notes: S. pamelae is quite unlike any other Australian species of Sporobolus and thus far is only represented by the type. In my attempt to discover a species with which to compare it for a diagnosis, I keyed it out in “Flora of Tropical East Africa’ (Clayton 1974) to S. myrianthus Benth. It certainly shows a remarkable resem- blance to the one specimen of that species in BRI, differing in having larger spikelets (2.5—3 mm long in S. pamelae, c. 2 mm long in S. myrianthus), the apex of the upper glume being obtuse (not abruptly acuminate or mucronate) and the base of the plant having more robust roots. Both species have indurated basal leaf sheaths.
Sporobolus partimpatens R. Mills ex B.K. Simon, sp. nov. S$. actinoclado Domin affinis sed glumis superis multo long- ioribus (aequans spiculam) et paniculis apertis tantum ad basim, differt. Typus. Queensland. SourH KENNEDY DIsTRICT: sandy flat adjacent to Cattle Creek, 3 km S of Doongmabulla Station, 22°05’39"S, 146°14’23"E, 1 Apr 1992, E./. Thompson GAL 002 & B.K. Simon (holo: BRI; 1so: AD, BRI, CANB, K, L, NSW).
Plants perennial. Culms erect, to 60 cm tall, sparingly branched, 3—5-noded. Nodes glabrous. Internodes glabrous, longer than the associated leaf sheaths. Sheaths glabrous, with non-ciliate margins. Ligule a fringed membrane, 0.7—0.9 mm long. Leaf blades 1.5-12 cm x 40 mm, glabrous or occasionally withlong slender hairs. Inflorescence a panicle, spicate to semi-spicate, fully exserted at maturity with main axis smooth, glabrous, ridged with elevated resinous lines. Primary branches c. 2.5 cm long, appressed to the main axis in the upper part, whorled at the lowermost inflorescence node. Spikelets 2—2.5 x 0.7-0.9 mm, sessile and pedicelled, pedicels to 2 mm long. Lower glume 0.8—1 mm long, membranous. Upper glume 2—2.5 mm long, +as long as spikelet, acute. Lemma 2—2.5 x 0.7-0.9 mm, the surface appressedly pilosulose in upper part, acute. Palea slightly shorter than lemma. Anthers 3, 0.8—0.9 mm long. Grain ovoid, asym- metrical, compressed in transverse section, c. 1.1 mm x 0.6 mm. Fig. 5.
Specimens examined: Queensland. Mircuett District: § of Lake Mueller, Jun 1977, McDonald 2671 (BRI); Lake
Austrobaileya 4(1): 57-66 (1993)
Mueller area, 29 km NE of Aramac, May 1979, McDonald 2907 (BRD; 28 km E of Barcaldine on road to Jericho, Jul 1975, Beeston 1397C (BRI). Locairy UNKNown: K. Domin 1435, PR (PR 524659 (photo, BRI)).
Distribution and habitat: Thus far S. partimpatens has been collected from three known areas of Queensland, one east of Barcaldine, one around the Lake Mueller area between Barcaldine and Aramac and another adjacent to the “moundspring’ locality of Sporobolus pamelae on Cattle Creek, Doong- mabulla Station (Map 1). It grows on alluvial soils and claypans sometimes with associated open hummock grassland of Triodia longiceps.
Conservation status: 2K (Briggs & Leigh 1988).
Etymology: The epithet translates as ‘partly spreading’, probably referring to the divaricate basal branches of the inflorescence.
Notes: There is also a collection of this species by K. Domin in PR from an unknown locality and with the date of collection unknown, but presumably from Queensland.
Acknowledgements
Textend my thanks to Will Smith for the ilustra- tions, to Peter Bostock for the preparation of the map using the computer program MapInfo, to the curators of AD, CANB, K, NSW, PERTH and PR for the loan of herbarium material, to the Australian Biological Resources Study for a grant to undertake studies on Sporobolus and to John Thompson for the very enjoyable field trip to the ‘Desert Uplands’ and for the photographs.
References
BAAUENS, G.J. & VELDKAMP, J.F. (1991). Sporobolus (Gramineae) in Malesia. Blumea 35: 393-458.
Brices, J.D. & Leicy, J.H. (1988). Rare or Threatened Australian Plants, 1988 Revised Edition. Austral- ian National Parks and Wildlife Service Special Publication No. 14. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Crayton, W.D. (1974). Sporobolus. In W.D. Clayton, S.M. Phillips, & S.A. Renvoize, Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae 2: 383.
HEBERMEHL, M.A. (1982), Springs in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia — their origin and nature, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Australia, Report 235, 50 pp.
imon, Grasses 7
i Sates Eamets?
: : Se : epic eae fee pees a fee aera ratrett ahaa es Rocternteteep tare ee TiS ee eee et ra te edipeeenaahe: ie 5
an
- tee pe er aape ies oar oe
re
a
REM ick "Fak
t
Fig. 5. A. pressing type specimen of Sporobolus pamelae, the prominent grass cover in the background, Cattle Creek moundspring, Doongmabulla Station. B. pressing type specimen of Sporobolus partimpatens from its habitat on sandy
flat adjacent to Cattle Creek moundspring, Doongmabulla Station. Sporobolus pamelae zone in background. Photographs by John Thompson.
Paans
66
| S. blakei || S. disjunctus
S. partimpatens
¢ ye ,
* S. pamelae
if
Austrobaileya 4(1): 57-66 (1993)
*
j
= a |
% oft 3 Wah “%, ce aor OO ’ \
Map 1. Distribution of Sporobolus blakei, S. disjunctus, S. partimpatens and S. pamelae.
HussBarb, C.E. (1933). Thellungia advena Stapf. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 3184: 1-3.
Jacoss, S.W.L. (1987). Systematics of the chloridoid grasses. In T.R. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell & M.E. Barkworth (eds), Grass systemat- ics and evolution.Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press .
Jessop, J. (ed.) (1981). Flora of Central Australia, Sydney: A.H, & A.W. Reed.
Potties, S.M. (1982). A numerical analysis of the Eragrostideae, Kew Bulletin 37:133—162,
Ponper. W.F. (1986). Mound Springs of the Great Artesian Basin. In P. De Decker & W.D. Williams (eds), Limnology in Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO & Dordrecht: W. Junk.
ProssT, R. (1920). Zweiter Beitrag zur Adventiv und Ruderalflora von Solothurn und Umgebung. Mittlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Solothurn 18: 17.
Stapp, O. (1920), Thellungia, anew genus of Gramineae. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1920: 98,
Conspectus of Cryptolepis RK. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae) in Malesia!
Paul I. Forster
Summary
Forster Paul I. (1993). Conspectus of Cryptolepis R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae) in Malesia. Austrobaileya 4(1): 67-73. The genus Crypfolepis R. Br. comprises seven species in Malesia, The taxonomic status of the genus Phyllanthera Blume ts assessed and it is reduced to subgeneric status under Cryptolepis containing those species that lack lobes in the corolla throat, New combinations are made in Cryptolepis for Phyllanthera bifida Blume and P, perakensis Gamble and the latter is lectotypified. Cryptolepis in Malesia comprises C. bifida (Blume) P.I. Forster, C. lancifolia P.I. Forster, C. javanica (Blume) Blume, C. multinervosa P.I. Forster sp. nov., C. nymanit UK. Schum.) P.I. Forster, C. papillata P.L. Forster and C. perakensis (Gamble) P.I. Forster. A key to these taxa is provided.
Key words: Asclepiadaceae; Cryptolepis — Malesia, Cryptolepis bifida, Cryptolepis multinervosa,
Cryptolepis perakensts.
Paul I. Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Old 4068, Australia
Introduction
The status of several genera in the Periplocoideae allied to Cryptolepis Blume has previously been reviewed and several reduced to synonymy of that genus (Forster 1990). Discovery of still further undescribed specific taxa in the group (Forster 1991 and subsequent research), has prompted an examination of the status of Phyllanthera Blume.
Phyllanthera has had two species referred to it, the type species P, bifida Blume from Java (Blume 1826, 1849) and the Malesian P. perakensis Gamble (King & Gamble 1907). Both species are woody lianes and have flowers with rotate, densely papillate corollas without free lobes in the throat or any sort of corolline corona. Although Blume (1849) depicted P. bifida with an urceolate corolla, this plate was evidently drawn from budding material, as ma- ture flowers are typically rotate. Both of these taxa are very closely allied to Cryptolepis papillata P.I. Forster and C. multinervosa P.1. Forster, but differ in leaf venation and shape, and the size and shape of the various floral parts.
‘Christensen Research Institute Contribution No. 84.
Accepted for publication [7 February 1993
I have previously advocated a broad cir- cumscription of Cryptolepis (Forster 1990) wherein the corolla may or may not have dis- crete lobes 1n the tube, and various forms of a corolline corona may be present. Both species of Phyllanthera fall within this circumscription and require transfer to Cryptolepis as effected in this paper. Those species of Cryptolepis that lack discrete corolline coronal lobes in the corolla throat are recognised as belonging to Cryptolepis subgenus Phyllanthera (Blume) PL. Forster.
Materials and methods
This study is based on herbarium collections at A, BO, BRI, BSIP, K, L, LAE, CANB, NY and SING. Descriptions of species listed, but not described in this paper can be found in Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) and Forster (1990, 1991).
Taxonomic treatment
Cryptolepis R. Br., Asclepiadeae 58 (1810). Type: Cryptolepis buchananii Roemer & Schultes
R. Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 69 (1811); Benth. in Benth. & J.D. Hook., Gen. pl. 2: 740 (1876); J.D. Hook., FI. Brit. India 4: 5—6 (1885); Bruce, Kew Bull. 1946: 46-48 (1946); Bullock, Kew
68
Bull. 1955: 279-282 (1955); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Fl. Java 3: 250 (1965); Ali, Fl. Pakistan 150: 54-55 (1981); P.L. Forster, Austrobaileya 3: 274 (1990).
Phyllanthera Blume, Bijdr. 1048 (1826), syn, nov. Type: Phyllanthera bifida Blume
Decnein DC., Prodr. 8: 497 (1844); Blume, Mus. bot. 1: 125—126 (1850); K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 212 (1895).
Leposma Blume, Biydr. 1049 (1826). Type: Leposma javanica Blume
Lepistoma Blume, FI. Javae 7 (1828), nom. illeg. Type: Leposma javanica Blume (= Lepistoma javanica (Blume) Blume).
Decne in DC., Prodr, 8: 497 (1844).
Ectadiopsis Benth. in Benth. & J.D. Hook., Gen. pl. 2: 741 (1876). Type: Ectadium oblongifolium Meisn. (= Ectadiopsis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schitr.), Gide Bul- lock 1955).
Bullock, Kew Bull. 1955: 267-279 (1955).
Gymnolaema Benth. in Benth. & J.D. Hook., Gen. pl. 2: 740 (1876). Type: Gymno- laema newii Benth.
N.E. Br. in Dyer, FI. trop. Afr. 4(1): 241 (1902).
Batesanthus N.E. Br. in J.D. Hook., Icon. pl. t. 2500 (1896). Type: Batesanthus purpureus N.E. Br.
N.E. Br. in Dyer, Fl. trop. Afr. 4(1): 2593-254 (1902).
Austrobaileya 4(1): 67-73 (1993)
Stomatostemma N.E, Br. tn Dyer, FI. trop. Afr, 4(1): 252 (1902). Type: Cryptolepis montetroae N.E. Br. (= Stomatostemma montetroae (Oliver) N.E. Br.)
Streptomanes K. Schum. in K. Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtrage Fl. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 352 (1905). Type: S. nymanii K. Schum.
Perennial shrubs, lianes or scramblers with white latex, usually glabrous; indumentum sparse if present. Leaves petiolate; lamina linear-lan- ceolate, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic or oblong; petiole grooved; colleters absent at lamina base. Inflorescence a much branched extra-axillary cyme bearing 1—many fascicles of 1—many flow- ers. Sepals usually with basal colleters. Corolla salverform, campanulate or rotate; tube cylin- dric-urceolate; lobes dextrorse in bud, patent at anthesis. Corolline corona comprised of 5 free lobes opposite the sinuses of adjacent petals or at the top of the corolla tube, or a collar around the filament bases or an annulus on the corolla tube. Staminal corona absent. Stamens 5, in- serted slightly above the base of the corolla tube, alternate with the corolla lobes, connate or closely adnate at base but free for most of length. Anthers dehiscing longitudinally, with apical appendages which are sometimes elon- gated and twisted together. Translators spathulate. Pollen granular, organised in tetrads and loosely cohering into masses appressed against the broadened upper ends of the transla- tors. Ovaries free, glabrous. Style-head coni- cal, pentagonal in transverse section. Follicle widely divaricate, fusiform to fusiform-ovoid, smooth; seeds comose.
10-20 species in Africa, Asia, Malesia and Australia.
Key to Subgenera
Cryptolepis subgenus Cryptolepis
stérgtte sesh Cryptolepis subgenus Phyllanthera
Forster, Cryptolepis in Malesia 69 Key to Malesian species of Cryptolepis
1. Corolla with 5 small rounded lobes in throat ............. 00.0.0 .0000- . 1. C. javanica
Corolla without rounded lobes in throat... 0... ce cece ee een eas 2
2. Leaf lamina linear to linear-lanceolate ..... Leaf lamina otherwise ............0..00.
3. Corolla lobes not papillate ..............
Clap Lea OOS VIEL ALC: 5 2cu.8s devas tase ten. 7 ager t Al yienvas esate AG Beas enads ahh deme yrenere: pleat ee Randy 4 4. Secondary veins 13-15 per side of midrib in leaf lamina............... 4. C. perakensis Secondary veins 22—38 per side of midrib in leaf lamina........... Fe ARM Spe Dus ere oe! 5 5. Secondary veins 22~25 per side of midrib in leaf lamina................... 2. C. bifida Secondary veins 27—38 per side of midrib in leaf lamina.......... 0.0.0.0... 0.0 cae 6 6, Secondary veins 27-30 per side of midrib in leaf lamina................ 6. C. papillata Secondary veins 34-38 per side of midrib in leaf lamina............. 3. C. multinervosa
Cryptolepis subgenus Cryptolepis Corolla with discrete lobes in throat.
1. Cryptolepis javanica (Blume) Blume, Mus. bot. 2: 146 (1850); Leposma javanica Blume, Bijdr. 1049 (1826); Lepistoma javanica (Blume) Blume, Fl. Javae 7 (1828). Type: Java, Kalkrotsen, Koeripan, Blume (holo: L! (L898166-149); 1so: BO! (BO109443)).
Description: see Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965).
Cryptolepis subgenus Phyllanthera (Blume) P.I. Forster, comb. et stat. nov.
Phyllanthera Blume, Bijdr. 1048 (1826). Type: Phyllanthera bifida Blume.
Corolla without lobes in throat.
2. Cryptolepis bifida (Blume) P.I. Forster, comb. nov.
Phyllanthera bifida Blume, Bidr. 1048 (1826). Type: Java, Salak, Blume 1837 (holo: L! G.898169-170); 1so: BO! (BO112471)).
Blume, Mus. bot. 1: 126, t. 22 (1849); Back. & Bakh.tf., Fl. Java 3: 248 (1965).
Description: see Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965).
Specimens examined: Java. WSW of Buitenzorg, forest complex Nanggseng, Mt Menapa, Dec 1940, van Steenis 17350 (BO); Mt Megamendoeng, E of Buitenzorg, Dec 1940, de Voogd (BO112467); Res. Praenger, Jan 1910, Winckel 258 (BO); ditto, Sep 1917, Winckel 9998 (BO); Res, Preanger, Tjadas Malang, Apr 1918, Winckel 1288 (BO); ditto, Mar 1923, Winckel 13158 (BO); ditto, Apr 1923, Winckel 12508 (BO); Galseyon Gebeyte, Nov 1910, Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan 3051 (BO).
Distribution: C. bifida appears to be restricted to Java and has apparently not been collected since 1940,
Notes: Van Steenis (1954) recorded Phyllanthera bifida as a new record from New Guinea based on Docters van Leeuwen 10432 (BO) from the Rouffaer River in Irian Jaya. This collection has leaves and fruit only on the BO sheet, and leaves and one bud on the K sheet. I doubt whether the specimen is conspecific with the type of Phyllanthera bifida as the former has more prominent secondary venation in the leaf lamina. Until flowering material of the Rouffaer River plant can be collected, it should be con- sidered to be of uncertain status and Cryptolepis bifida regarded as occurring in Malesia west of New Guinea.
te et he
70
3. Cryptolepis multinervosa P.I. Forster sp. nov. Cryptolepi papillatae P.I. Forster affinis a qua lamina folii nervis utroque costae latere 34-38, lobis corollae lanceolatis 13-14 mm longis 2,5—-3 mm latis. Typus: Papua New Guinea, SouTH- ERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE: near Waro air- strip, 20 km SSW of Kutubu, 6°31’S, 143°10’E, 14 October 1973, M. Jacobs 9287 (holo: L! (2 sheets); iso: CANBI!, LAE}).
Woody liane; latex colour unknown. Stems cylindrical, up to several m long, glabrous when young, lenticellate when old; internodes up to 110 mm long and 3 mm diameter. Leaves petiolate; lamina lanceolate-ovate to elliptic- oblong, up to 110 mm long and 30 mm wide, discolorous, glabrous; upper surface dark green, venation obscure; lower surface pale green, secondary veins 34—38 per side and at 90° to midrib, tertiary venation reticulate but barely visible; tip long acuminate; base truncate to rounded; petiole 5—8 mm long, c. 1 mm diam- eter, grooved along top, glabrous. Cymes 40-60 mm long, with 1—-several fascicles of flowers; peduncle 5~7 mm long, c. 0.5 mm diameter, glabrous; bracts lanceolate, 0.8—1.2 mm long, 0.30.4 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers c. 2 mm long and 30 mm diameter; pedicels 8-11 mm long and c. 0.3 mm diameter, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate, 1.4—1.5 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, glabrous. Corolla primarily yellow; tube much reduced, corolline corona absent; lobes lanceo- late, 13-14 mm long, 2.5—3 mm wide, with purple-red blotch in centre, and covered in dense papillae to 1 mm long. Gynostegium c. 1.5 mm long and 1.5 mm diameter; filaments c. 0.5 mm long, 0.4 mm diameter at base and 0.2 mm diameter at top; anthers c. 0.7 mm long and 0.6mm diameter, with an oblong, acute append- age c. 0.5 mm long. Style-head c. 0.7 mm diameter; stalk c. 0.7 mm long. Translators not seen. Fruit and seed not seen. Fig. 1.
Specimens examined: Papua New Guinea. SoutHEeRN HIGHLANDS Province: Tage, Lake Kutubu, Aug 1977, Conn & Kairo 482 (A, CANB, K).
Distribution and habitat: Known only from the vicinity of Lake Kutubu in Papua New Guinea. Plants grow in seasonally flooded primary for-
Austrobaileya 4(1): 67-73 (1993)
est dominated by Araucaria and Nothofagus, on limestone.
Notes: C. multinervosa 1s closely allied to C. papillata but differs most noticeably in the higher number of secondary lateral veins in the leaf and the lanceolate corolla lobes.
Etymology: The specific epithet multinervosa alludes to the high number of secondary veins per side of the midrib of the leaf in this species in comparison to those in other Malesian spe- cles,
4. Cryptolepis perakensis (Gamble) P.I. Forster, comb. nov. Phyllanthera perakensis Gamble in King & Gamble, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 74: 508 (1907). Type: Malaysia: Perak, Larut, February 1885, King’s Collector 73 14 (lecto (here desig- nated): K (photo at BRI!); isolecto: BM (photo at BRI!); Perak, Larut, August I881, Dr King’s Collector 2181 (lectopara: K (photo at BRI!)).
Woody liane; latex colour unknown. Stems up to several m long, cylindrical to somewhat ridged, glabrous when young, lenticellate with age; internodes up to 140 mm long and 2 mm diameter. Leaves petiolate; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong, up to 90 mm long and 40 mm diameter, discolorous, glabrous; upper surface dark green, venation obscure; lower surface pale green, secondary veins 13~—15 per side of midrib, tertiary venation obscure; tip long acu- minate; base cuneate; petiole 6-9 mm long, 0.81 mm diameter, glabrous, grooved along top. Cymes up to 20 mm long, 1-several somewhat racemiform fascicles of flowers; pe- duncle 6—7 mm long, c. 0.3 mm diameter, glabrous; bracts lanceolate, 1-1.2 mm long, 0.8—-1 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers c. 5 mm long, 14-15 mm diameter; pedicels 7-10 mm long, c. 0.4 mm diameter, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate, c. 1.5 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, with sparse trichomes. Corolla rotate, brown- yellow; tube absent, corolline corona absent: lobes lanceolate, 8-9 mm long, c. 5 mm wide, above with sparse papillae to 0.5 mm long, below with shorter scattered papillae. Gynostegium c. 2.1 mm long and 2.4 mm diam- eter; filaments c. 1.5 mm long and 0.3 mm
Forster, Cryptolepis in Malesia 71
1 * gal 4% ahh oN S EE sabes vas! ny
We Fd
ae ee eek ae il ‘ate ~s
W.A.OMITH
Fig. 1. Cryptolepis multinervosa P.I. Forster: A. leaf x 1. B. node with inflorescence x 1. C. bud x 3. D. flower x3. E. side view of gynostegium x 5. F, anthers viewed externally x 15. G. anther viewed from top x 15. H. papillate corolla surface x 15. All from material of the holotype. Del. W. Smith.
ha TRH Yaa EVRA HMMM cy 4
et PPD ISEC Be MAA Pt WL YS AYE Ea YY i PE rN aN ee Te ERE LE LER PSL
12
diameter; anthers 1-1.1 mm long, c. 0.8 mm wide at base; appendage lanceolate and c. 0.5 mm long. Style head c. 1 mm long and 1.3 mm diameter; stalk c. 1.5 mm long and 0.6 mm diameter. Translators c. 1.2 mmlong; viscidium c.0.3 mm long and 0.3 mm wide; stipec. 0.5 mm long; pollen carrier 0.3—-0.4 mm long, 0.6—0.7 mm wide. Pollen in spherical tetrads, 0.30.32 mm diameter. Fruit and seeds not seen.
Specimens examined: Indonesia. Sumatera: Tanang Taloe, Jul 1907, Biinnemeijer 1166 (BO); Brani Afd Agam, Jul 1918, Biinnemeijer 3340 (BO); Atjeh, Gajolanden, Mar 1937, van Steenis 10099 (BO); Gunung leuser nature Reserve, Atjeh. Ketambe, valley of Lau Atlas, near tribu- tary of lau Ketambe, c. 35 km NW of Kutatjane, May 1972, de Wilde 12437 & de Wilde-Duyfjer (BO). Lrian Jaya: Bernhard bivak, Jul 1938, Meijer Drees 413 (BO); Wondiwoi Mountains, Wandammen Pentnsula, 2°42’S, 134°40’°E, Mar 1962, Schram BW13323 (CANB, LAB). Papua New Guinea, WEST SEPIK PROVINCE: Meinat flood plain, N slopes Bewani Mountains, 11 km SSW of Bewani, 3°08’S, 141°08’E, Sep 1982, Wiakabu et al, LAE50601 (BRI, CANB, K).
Distribution and habitat: Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatera and Irian Jaya) and Papua New Guinea. Plants grow on alluvium in rainforests up to 1100 m altitude.
Notes: Gamble cited six syntypes for P. perakensis — Wray 2407, 3005, Scortechini s.n. and King’s Collector 2059, 2181,7314. DrP.s. Short (MEL) was able to find only four of these collections at K. These collections appear to represent two separate species, with King’s Collector 7314 & 2181 belonging to one and Scortechini (recd. 27 Apr 1911) and King’s Collector 2059 belonging to another. The latter two collections have no specific locality of collection, with King’s Collector 2059 being seeds only. King’s Collector’7314 is selected as lectotype as it is the best flowering collection and is in closest agreement with the protologue.
5. Cryptolepis nymani (K. Schum.) P.I. Forster, Austrobaileya 3: 275 (1990); Streptomanes nymanit K. Schum. in K. Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtrage FI. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 353 (1905). Type: Papua New Guinea. MADANG PROVINCE: Stephansort, Nyman 1020 Gso: UPS!).
Austrobaileya 41): 67-73 (1993) Description: see Forster (1990).
6. Cryptolepis papillata P.I. Forster, Austrobatleya3: 277 (1990). Type: Papua New Guinea. Morospe Province: Partep [Patep] Creek, Lae-Wau road, Bulolo Valley, September 1955, J.S. Womersley NGEF7821 (holo: BRI!; iso: BO!, K!, L!).
Description: see Forster (1990).
7. Cryptolepis lancifolia P.I. Forster, Blumea 35: 381 (1991). Type: Irian Jaya. Okwa- liamkan River headwaters, 5°02’S, 140°55’E, 17 August 1967, Ridsdale et al, NGF31999 (holo: L!; iso: LAE!).
Description: see Forster (1991).
Additional specimens examined: Papua New Guinea. WEsT SEPIK PROVINCE: Road leading from base camp to drilling camp, Frieda River, 4°40’S, 142°00’E, May 1978, Kerenga & Lelean LAE74226 (LAE). SouTHERN HicH- LANDS PRovINCE: near Tage, Lake Kutubu, Schodde 2259 (LAE),
Distribution: Irian Jaya and West Sepik Prov- ince in Papua New Guinea.
Notes: When described, this species was known only from the type collection (Forster 1991). The additional collections now to hand appear to be of this species but have smaller flowers than first described with corolla lobes 8-10 mm long and with fewer papillae.
Acknowledgements
W. Smith (BRI) provided the illustration. The Directors/Curators of the cited herbaria allowed examination of material in their care, either on loan or in situ at their institu